Understanding the Politics of
Pandemic Scares
Reactions to pandemics are unlike any other global emergency; with an emphasis on withdrawal and containment of the sight of the infected. Dealing with the historical and conceptual background of diseases in politics and international relations, this volume investigates the global political reaction to pandemic scares.
By evaluating anxiety and the political response to pandemics as a legitimisation of the modern state and its ability to protect its citizens from infectious disease, Understanding the Politics of Pandemic Scares examines the connection between international health governance and the emerging Western liberal world order. The case studies, including SARS, Bird Flu, and Swine Flu, provide an understanding of how the world order, global health governance and peoples bodies interact to produce scares and panics. Aaltola introduces an innovative new concept of politosomatics based on the relationship that links individual stress, strain, and fear with global circulations of power to evaluate the increasingly global bio-political environments in which pandemics exist.
This book will be of interest to students and researchers of International Relations, Global Health, International Public Health and Global Health governance.
Mika Aaltola is Academy Fellow, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Finland.
Routledge studies in governance and public policy
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14 Understanding the Politics of Pandemic Scares
An introduction to global politosomatics
Mika Aaltola
Understanding the Politics of
Pandemic Scares
An introduction to global politosomatics
Mika Aaltola
First published 2012
by Routledge
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Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2012 Mika Aaltola
The right of Mika Aaltola to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Aaltola, Mika.
Understanding the politics of pandemic scares : an introduction to global politosomatics / Mika Aaltola.
p. cm. (Routledge studies in governance and public policy)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Communicable diseasesPolitical aspects. 2. World politics
Psychological aspects. 3. World health. 4. Health behavior. I. Title.
RA643.A175 2011
616.9dc22
2011006694
ISBN: 978-0-415-60381-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-80573-2 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
Abbreviations
9/11 | 11 September 2001, the day when several terrorist attacks took place in the US, including the bombing of the World Trade Centres twin towers in New York City |
AIDS | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
BSE | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CJD | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
CNN | Cable News Network |
EC | European Commission |
EU | European Union |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
PEPFAR | Presidents Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief |
SARS | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
TSE | Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy |
UK | United Kingdom |
UN | United Nations |
US | United States of America |
vCJD | Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WMDs | Weapons of Mass Destruction |
1 Introduction
Diseases desperate grown
By desperate appliances are relieved,
Or not at all.
Shakespeare, Hamlet
In emergencies, the prevailing global sentiment is often one of mobilized empathy. The sight of a starving child in Africa may lead to a sense of compassion and the need to rush in to intervene on behalf of this distant sufferer (Aaltola 2009). Highly rehearsed ritualistic donor behaviour and rescue efforts may follow. Yet, the sight of the dead and suffering swine fu victims in Mexico in the spring of 2009 led to a sudden global jolt of aversion and fear. The immediate global reflex a similar reaction to the emergence of those infected by other perceived pandemics was that of distancing and severing contacts with the site of the unfamiliar and deadly disease outbreak. The momentum of pandemic emergencies is towards disengagement with the suffering distant other. It is one of containment, rather than compassion. In this sense, a pandemics affective flows are unlike other global emergencies they are seemingly non-compassionate rushes towards withdrawal and to contain the disease in a certain place, spot or zone. If there is other-interestedness, it is towards the people living close by or towards the general public, conceived of in terms of national, international and global public health.