Syrias Kurds
This book is a decisive contribution to the study of Kurdish history in Syria since the Mandatory period (19201946) up to the present.
Avoiding an essentialist approach, Jordi Tejel provides fine, complex and sometimes paradoxical analysis of the articulation between tribal, local, regional, and national identities, on one hand, and the formation of a Kurdish minority awareness vis--vis the consolidation of Arab nationalism in Syria, on the other hand.
Using unpublished material, in particular concerning the Mandatory period (French records and Kurdish newspapers) and social movement theory, Tejel analyses the reasons behind the Syrian exception within the Kurdish political sphere. In spite of the exclusion of Kurdishness from the public sphere, especially since 1963, Kurds of Syria have avoided a direct confrontation with the central power, most Kurds opting for a strategy of dissimulation, cultivating internally the forms of identity that challenge the official ideology. The book explores the dynamics leading to the consolidation of Kurdish minority awareness in contemporary Syria; an ongoing process that could take the form of radicalization or even violence.
While the book offers a rigorous conceptual approach, the ethnographic material makes it a compelling read. It will not only appeal to scholars and students of the Middle East, but to those interested in history, ethnic conflicts, nationalism, social movement theories, and many other related issues.
Jordi Tejel is a Ph.D. in History (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) and Sociology (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales-EHESS, Paris). He is currently a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the EHESS, Paris. His research interests focus on nationalism in the Middle East, with a particular interest in Kurdish mobilizations in the interwar period. He is the author of several books and articles, including Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil. Continuits et discontinuites du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat franais en Syrie et au Liban (19251946).
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- Syrias Kurds
History, politics and society
Jordi Tejel
Syrias Kurds
History, politics and society
Jordi Tejel
Translated from the French by
Emily Welle and Jane Welle
First published 2009
by Routledge
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2009 Jordi Tejel
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Tejel, Jordi
Syrias Kurds: history, politics and society/Jordi Tejel.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. KurdsSyriaHistory20th century. 2. KurdsCivil rightsSyria. 3. SyriaEthnic relations. 4. NationalismSyria. I. Title.
DS94.8.K8T452 2008
956.9100491597dc22 2008008013
ISBN 0-203-89211-9 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-42440-2 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-89211-9 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-42440-0 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-89211-4 (ebk)
Acknowledgements
After having studied Kurdish nationalism in Syria during the French Mandatory period (192046) I was interested in extending my reflection on strategies of integration utilized by minorities in new states and the shifting of collective identities in the former Ottoman territories up to the present. This book is the result of my attempt to examine these issues in the context of contemporary Syria.
I am indebted to Hamit Bozarslan who took the time to read and comment on all parts of the manuscript during its preparation. Nadine Mouchy and Elizabeth Picard shared with me their intellectual wisdom, thus helping me to formulate my own approach on the subject of Kurds in Syria. Conversations with Myriam Ababsa, Seda Altug, Julie Gauthier, Sirwan Hajji Husayn, Siamend Hajo, Paulo G. Pinto, Eva Savelsberg, and Stefan Winter also contributed to the development of the hypotheses presented herein. Between 2001 and 2007 I undertook research for this book in Syria, Iraq, Britain, France, Germany, and Switzerland, and I wish to thank those who facilitated my research in these places. In particular, I would like to extend my gratitude to those Kurds who consented to be interviewed, though sometimes under difficult circumstances.
It was a pleasure working with the Routledge staff. In particular, Natalja Mortensen, editorial assistant, was an enthusiastic supporter from the very start and saw the work through the various stages of production. Finally, Emily Welle and Jane Welle have showed a great understanding, thanks to which they endeavored to translate and polish my long French sentences.
I thank all of the above mentioned for their invaluable contribution and assistance. I alone am responsible for any and all flaws that remain.
One of the maps contained in this book has previously appeared in other sources. I would like to thank the editors of Peter Lang for granting me permission to draw from
- Le mouvement kurde en exil. Continuits et discontinuits du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat franais en Syrie et au Liban (192546). Map 1. Kurdish enclaves in Northern Syria, page 36. Copyright Peter Lang, Bern, 2007.