Steven Philip Kramer - Socialism in Western Europe: The Experience of a Generation

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Socialism in Western Europe

Westview Replica Editions

The concept of Westview Replica Editions is a response to the continuing crisis in academic and informational publishing. Library budgets for books have been severely curtailed. Ever larger portions of general library budgets are being diverted from the purchase of books and used for data banks, computers, micromedia, and other methods of information retrieval. Interlibrary loan structures further reduce the edition sizes required to satisfy the needs of the scholarly community. Economic pressures on the university presses and the few private scholarly publishing companies have severely limited the capacity of the industry to properly serve the academic and research communities. As a result, many manuscripts dealing with important subjects, often representing the highest level of scholarship, are no longer economically viable publishing projectsor, if accepted for publication, are typically subject to lead times ranging from one to three years.

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About the Book and Author

Socialism in Western Europe: The Experience of a Generation Steven Philip Kramer

This book explores what socialism in Western Europe meant for the generation that came to maturity after World Kar I. Dr. Kramer captures individual aspects of the socialist experience through interviews with socialist leaders who have been a significant part of the movement since the 1930s and who represent the great diversity of European socialism. His subjects include Michael Foot, former leader of Britain's Labour Party; Riccardo Lombardi, a historic figure in the Italian Socialist Party; Bruno Kreisky, long-time chancellor of Austria; and Daniel Mayer, secretary-general of the French Socialist Party from 1944 to 1946. Each interview begins with a brief description of the individual and the party. A general introduction interprets the role of this generation in the history of European socialism.

Steven Kramer is associate professor of history at the University of New Mexico. He recently received the International Affairs Fellowship from the Council on Foreign Relations and is also working for the Department of State as a specialist in international political movements.

Socialism in Western Europe

The Experience of a Generation

Steven Philip Kramer

First published 1984 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1984 Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Kramer, Steven.
Socialism in Western Europe
(A Westview replica edition)
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Socialism--Europe--History--20th century--Sources. 2. Socialists--Europe--Interviews. I. Title.
HX238.K73 1984 335'.0094 84-7468

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28773-3 (hbk)

For Sharon

Contents

CHAPTER ONE
DANIEL MAYER AND FRENCH SOCIALISM

Introduction

with Daniel Mayer

CHAPTER TWO
JEF RENS AND BELGIAN SOCIALISM

Introduction

with Jef Rens

CHAPTER THREE
RICCARDO LOMBARDI AND ITALIAN SOCIALISM

Introduction

CHAPTER FOUR
SOCIALISM IN SCANDINAVIA

Introduction

with Tage Erlander

with Sigrid Ekendahl

with Trygve Brattel

CHAPTER FIVE
BRUNO KREISKY AND AUSTRIAN SOCIALISM

Introduction

with Bruno Kreisky

CHAPTER SIX
MICHAEL FOOT AND THE BRITISH LABOUR PARTY

Introduction

with Michael Foot

1. ii
2. iii
3. xvii

Guide

• EDC, European Defense Community
• FGTB, Belgian General Confederation of Labor
• ILO, International Labor Office
• LO, Swedish Trade Union Confederation
• PCF, French Communist Party
• PCI, Italian Communist Party
• POB, Belgian Labor Party
• PSA, Autonomous Socialist Party (France)
• SB, Belgian Socialist Party
• PSI, Italian Socialist Party
• PSU, Unified Socialist Party (France)
• RPF, French Gaullist Party (1947-1953)
• SFIO, French Socialist Party
• SPD, German Socialist Party
• SPO, Austrian Socialist Party
• TUC, English Trade Union Congress

This is a book about what it meant to be a socialist in Western Europe for the generation which came to maturity after World War I. It attempts to capture the subjective aspect of the socialist experience through interviews conducted with socialist leaders who held a significant place in the movement from the 1930s on.

The leaders interviewed represent the diversity of European socialism; they cannot, however, be "representative" of European socialism as a whole. A comprehensive view of the subject can be obtained in a variety of excellent books and articles. But the abundant scholarship on socialism rarely attempts to recreate the atmosphere in which socialists lived and worked, or to reconstruct the collective framework in which they thought. That is the goal of this book.

In the course of previous work, I had interviewed many important figures of European socialism. The interviews were used primarily to supplement the written record. Finally I realized that I was making no use of what interested me most about these interviews, namely, the light they shed on how individuals made decisions and perceived the historical circumstances surrounding them. The story was worth telling, but it was not being told. As time passed, many of the historical actors of the inter-war period died. Unless someone seized the occasion to interview the survivors, a valuable key to the past would be lost.

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