Securitising Russia
The domestic politics of Putin
Edwin Bacon and Bettina Renz with Julian Cooper
Copyright Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz and Julian Cooper 2006
The right of Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz and Julian Cooper to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted
by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Published by
Manchester University Press
Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK
and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk
Distributed exclusively in the USA by
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Distributed exclusively in Canada by
UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN 978 0 7190 7224 6
First published 2006
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Typeset by Helen Skelton, Brighton, UK
Printed in Great Britain
by Biddles Ltd, Kings Lynn
Contents
List of tables and figures
Tables
Figures
Preface
The main sources used for this book were the Russian press; official documentation, such as federal laws and presidential decrees; and official websites, for example, of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation. Access to the Eastview Universal Database of Russian Central Newspapers, which provides full text coverage of about fifty Russian periodicals, was indispensable for this research. Media sources were backed up by some forty expert interviews conducted in Moscow specifically for this project. Respondents were chosen from across the political and ideological spectrum and included politicians as well as journalists, academics, and NGO workers.
The transliteration scheme used throughout the book is based on the British Standard scheme. Diacritical marks used in Russian, such as soft signs and hard signs, were omitted for stylistic reasons (for example, Glazev, not Glazev). Additionally, commonly known names are spelled in their popular form (for example, Yeltsin, not Eltsin). All translations from Russian and German are by the authors.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Economic and Social Research Council for their generous support of the research project of which this book is the main outcome (ESRC Research Award R000239691, Principal Award Holder: Edwin Bacon). This award enabled the appointment of Bettina Renz as the projects Research Fellow, as well as supporting research trips to Russia.
The project was initially applied for from the Centre for Russian and East European Studies, the University of Birmingham. However, it moved with the project leader, Edwin Bacon, to Bishop Grosseteste College in Lincoln, during his secondment there as Director of Research. Although the projects topic by no means fitted the disciplinary profile of BGC, the College readily agreed to host it. We are grateful to the then Principal, Professor Eileen Baker, for her support in enabling this, and to her successor, Professor Muriel Robinson, for the continuation of such support as the project came to an end. Thanks are due too to many others at BGC: to academic colleagues for their interest in the projects work, to staff who assisted with the administrative side of the project, to the IT department for facilitating the hosting of the project website at BGC, and to Becky Bull for being part of the Research House team. It was at BGC too that we were able to employ Margarita Stewart, who provided secretarial support and whose native Russian went above and beyond her posts job description.
Throughout the research for this book, the authors intellectual home has been the Centre for Russian and East European Studies (CREES), the University of Birmingham, where the projects co-applicant and author of the chapter on the economy, Julian Cooper, is Professor of Russian Economic Studies. The support of our Birmingham colleagues has been vital, particularly in the latter stages of completing this book, when all three authors were once again based at CREES.
In Moscow the assistance and friendship of Emilia Kosterina was a vital factor in making our research trips enjoyable and fruitful. Similarly we appreciate greatly the time given by our many interviewees journalists, members of parliament, representatives of non-governmental organisations, and academics. There are too many to list here, but without exception they added to whatever understanding of Russian affairs is accrued in this work.
We are grateful to our editor at MUP, Tony Mason, for his straightforward and sympathetic approach, and to the anonymous reviewer of the final manuscript, whose encouragement and critique alike proved beneficial.
Finally, we dedicate this book to our families, whose unfailing support has been invaluable throughout the period of its writing.
Edwin Bacon
Bettina Renz
Birmingham
List of abbreviations
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ABC | American Broadcasting Company |
AFB | Agency of Federal Security |
ARD | Public Broadcasting Corporation of Germany |
BBC | British Broadcasting Corporation |
CAST | Centre for Analysis of Strategy and Technology |
CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States |
CNN | Cable News Network, US television news channel |
CPSU | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
CPT | European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of the Council of Europe |
ETA | Basque Homeland and Liberty |
FAPSI | Federal Agency of Government Communication and Information |
FMS | Federal Migration Service |
FPS | Federal Border Guard Service |
FSB | Federal Security Service |
FSK | Federal Counter-intelligence Service |
FSN | Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade |
FSNP | Federal Tax Police Service |
Gazprom | open joint stock gas company |
GDP | Gross domestic product |
GDR | German Democratic Republic |
GFS |