Female Terrorism in America
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of female terrorism in America, both past and present.
The volume takes a fresh look at womens actions of left-wing political violence, right-wing political violence, and religious extremist violence (among others). It also examines the multitude of roles that women have played over the past few decades in such organizations (including leadership positions and more passive roles) not to mention the diverse methods of recruitment, radicalization, and propaganda. The objective of this book is to examine using a wide range of case studies, facts, statistics, and theoretical methodologies how collective or personal factors have influenced or reinforced the actions that these women take.
Government agencies continue to underestimate the ability of women to support and perpetrate terrorism. As such, the United States is facing a wholly inaccurate and incomplete picture of the complexities of domestic terrorism, and this is contributing to a serious neglect of the issue at the national level. This volume ultimately aims to offer policy-relevant solutions to decrease the threat of domestic female political violence in the United States.
Female Terrorism in America will be of much interest to students of terrorism and political violence, American politics, gender studies, and sociology.
Jonathan Matusitz is an Associate Professor in the Nicholson School of Communication and Media at the University of Central Florida, USA.
Elena Berisha is an active member of the National Organization for Women (NOW).
Contemporary Terrorism Studies
Transnational Organized Crime and Jihadist Terrorism
Russian-Speaking Networks in Western Europe
Michael Fredholm
Victims and Perpetrators of Terrorism
Exploring Identities, Roles and Narratives
Edited by Orla Lynch and Javier Argomaniz
Understanding Deradicalization
Methods, Tools and Programs for Countering Violent Extremism
Daniel Koehler
Deterring Terrorism
A Model for Strategic Deterrence
Elli Lieberman
Jihadism Foreign Fighters and Radicalisation in the EU
Legal, Functional and Psychosocial Responses
Edited by Inmaculada Marrero and Humberto Trujillo
Terrorist Decision-Making
A Leader-Centric Approach
Alex Mintz, John Tyson Chatagnier and Yair Samban
Strategic Culture and Violent Non-State Actors
A Comparative Study of Salafi-Jihadist Groups
Edward D. Last
Female Terrorism in America
Past and Current Perspectives
Jonathan Matusitz and Elena Berisha
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Contemporary-Terrorism-Studies/book-series/CTS
Female Terrorism in America
Past and Current Perspectives
Jonathan Matusitz and Elena Berisha
First published 2021
by Routledge
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2021 Jonathan Matusitz and Elena Berisha
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Matusitz, Jonathan Andre, 1976- author. | Berisha, Elena, 1998- author.
Title: Female terrorism in America : past and current perspectives / Jonathan Matusitz and Elena Berisha.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Contemporary terrorism studies | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020017558 (print) | LCCN 2020017559 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367506629 (hardback) | ISBN 9781003050704 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Women terroristsUnited States. | TerrorismUnited StatesHistory. | RadicalismUnited StatesHistory.
Classification: LCC HV6432 .M3824 2021 (print) | LCC HV6432 (ebook) | DDC 363.325082/0973dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020017558
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020017559
ISBN: 978-0-367-50662-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-05070-4 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of female terrorism in America, both past and present, by taking a fresh look at womens actions of left-wing political violence, right-wing political violence, and religious extremist violence (among others). The multitude of roles that women have played over the past few decades (including leadership positions and more passive roles) not to mention the diverse methods of recruitment, radicalization, and propaganda are also examined. Our objective in this book is not to postulate a general principle of why women participate in terrorism, but to examine through a wide array of case studies, facts, statistics, and theoretical methodologies how underlying, ideological, and individual factors have all impacted or buttressed the actions that these women take. The ultimate mission of the book is to demonstrate how the exploration of female terrorism in America is important to the acknowledgment of their extreme aggression and the threat they can pose to U.S. society as a whole. Reflecting on the roles that women assume as terrorists, and how terrorist organizations gain ground by using females, we must consider this phenomenon an alarming one.
Patterns of terrorism by women and men are significant both through their similarities and their differences. Although men commit terrorist attacks at higher levels than women across all categories, womens participation in terrorism is no longer the exception; it is the norm and becoming increasingly frequent. Indeed, although analysts contradict one another on certain issues, they all concur on one major point: female involvement in terrorism is growing. Terrorism is not merely a male-dominated field; it has developed a female face. Under extreme circumstances, we are facing a wholly inaccurate or incomplete picture of the complexities of domestic terrorism, which contributes to a serious neglect of the issue at the national level.
This is a dangerous reality. Since the 1950s, there have been hundreds of recorded terrorist attacks or plots executed by women in America grave acts such as anti-governmental attacks, jihadist attacks, mass shootings, hostage crises, bombings, terrorist radicalization, and online terrorist propaganda and recruitment. This turnaround is a sign that women play an essential part in U.S. terror. The increasing focus on gender in terrorism is more related to womens involvement in violence and less with their victimization as a result of terrorism. This does not imply that violence against women is not worthy of examination; however, the current interest should be more attributed to the fact that most observers remain surprised and baffled by womens willingness to engage in political violence, especially within the context of terrorism.