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Kwame Botwe-Asamoah - Kwame Nkrumahs Politico-Cultural Thought and Politics: An African-Centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution

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Book:
Kwame Nkrumahs Politico-Cultural Thought and Politics: An African-Centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution
Author:
Kwame BotweAsamoah
Publisher:
Routledge
Genre:
Science / Politics
Year:
2004
City:
London
Rating:
4 / 5
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This study critically synthesizes and analyses the relationship between Kwame Nkrumahs politico-cultural philosophy and policies as an African-centered paradigm for the post-independence African revolution. It also argues for the relevance of his theories and politics in todays Africa.

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AFRICAN STUDIES
HISTORY,POLITICS,ECONOMICS,
AND CULTURE

Edited by
Molefi Asante
Temple university

A ROUTLEDGE SERIES

AFRICAN STUDIES: HISTORY, POLITICS, ECONOMICS,AND CULTURE

MOLEFI ASANTE, General Editor

KWAME NKRUMAHS CONTRIBUTION TO

PAN-AFRICANISM An Afrocentric Analysis D. Zizwe Poe

NYANSAPO (THE WISDOM KNOT)

Toward an African Philosophy of

Education

Kwadwo A Okrah

THE ATHENS OF WEST AFRICA A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone

Daniel J. Paracka, Jr.

THE 'CIVIL SOCIETY' PROBLEMATIQUE deconstructing Civility and Southern Nigeria's Ethnic Radicals Adedayo Oluwakayodc Adekson

MAAT, THE MORAL IDEAL IN ANCIENT EGYPT

A Study in Classical African Ethics Maulana Karenga

YORUBA TRADITIONAL HEALERS OF

Nigeria Mary Adekson

IGBO WOMEN AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN SOUIHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1900-1960 GLORIA CHUKU

KWAME NKRUMAH'S POLITICO-CULTURAL THOUGHT ANII POLICIES

An African-Centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution Kwame Botwe-Asamoah

KWAME NKRUMAHS POLITICO
CULTURAL THOUGHT AND POLICIES

AN AFRICAN-CENTERED PARADIGM FOR THE
SECOND PHASE OF THE AFRICAN REVOLUTION

Kwame Botwe-Asamoah

Routledge
New York & London

Published in 2005 by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

www.routledge-ny.com

Published in Great Britain by

Routledge

2 Park Square

Milton Park, Abingdon

Oxon OX14 4RN

www.routledge.co.uk

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.

Transferred to Digital Printing 2005

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Botwe-Asamoah, Kwame.

Kwame Nkrumahs politico-cultural thought and policies : an African-centered paradigm for the second phase of the African revolution / Kwame Botwe-Asamoah.
p. cm. (African studies : history, politics, economics, and culture)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-415-94833-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)

1. Nkrumah, Kwame, 1909-1972Political and social views. 2. GhanaPolitics and governmentTo 1957. 3. GhanaPolitics and government1957-1979.

4. GhanaCultural policy. 5. Pan-Africanism. I. Title. II. Series: African studies (Routledge (Firm))

DT512.7.N57B68 2005
966.705'1 092dc22

This book is dedicated to two great mothers whose wisdom and guidance changed the lives of their children. First, to Nkrumahs mother, Nyaniba, who dragged Nkrumah several times to school until he gave in to her demand. Finally, to my loving mother, Akua Awusiama, who also dragged me to school on two occasions. She died four months after I had left her in Ghana for the US in December 1993. I was all that she had in this world. Her living spirits, since her untimely death and that of my father, Ohene Kwaku Owusu Botwe, have been the driving force throughout the research and the writing of this book.

Contents

Chapter one

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

Chapter Four

Chapter Five

Chapter Six

Chapter Seven

Chapter Eight

Preface

Growing up in both Gold Coast, later Ghana, I witnessed much systematic campaign against Kwame Nkrumahs political, social and cultural thought and policies. In my elementary schools, some of my teachers openly condemned his alleged communist ideology in the classrooms. One particular teacher told us that with communism, we were all going to wear khaki uniforms and line up everyday for rationed food with our parents.

The Odekro (owner of town) of my town Ettokrom in Dr. J. B. Danquahs (a founding member of the United Gold Coast Convention and a leading opponent of Nkrumah) constituency said that Nkrumah was an atheist; in addition, he denounced him for siding with Nasser in Egypts war with Israel in 1956, whom he described as the chosen children of God, In the intellectual community, Nkrumah was also accused of lowering the educational standards because of his policy on Africanization of the curriculum of the educational system in the country; this included his decree abolishing a pass in the English language as the sole criteria for obtaining the secondary school certificate. An added frequent accusation was an alleged toffee (candies) that Nkrumah frequently dropped from the ceiling into the hands of the Young Pioneers, which the Christian God could not do, when asked. Between 1955 and February 1966, his foes, both within and without Ghana engaged in vicious lies about him as well as a well-organized assassination attempts on his life.

In fact, no political leader or ruler in Ghana, to date, has experienced terrorist attacks in terms of constant bomb throwing, a face-to-face gun shot and ambushes as Nkrumah did. Furthermore, the kind of economic sabotage and political destabilization campaign against his government at the national and international levels is unparalleled in Ghanas political history. Yet, in spite of the hostile and violent environment in Ghana, the national unity as well as the rapid cultural, social, economic transformation and industrial development achieved for the country within the short span by Nkrumahs government will go down in African history as one of the most remarkable periods of post-independence achievements.

These positive acclamations notwithstanding, I saw the heroic struggle of Nkrumah and his adoration by the ordinary people, including the majority of the inhabitants of my village and neighboring towns and urban centers. He was viewed as a god-sent savior. While many Ghanaians praised and adored him as a great visionary leader, others continued to see him as Africas inimitable leader.

Historically speaking, no African political leader, past or present, has more completely personified the political, economic and cultural liberation and unity of Africa than did Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. As the father of African nationalism, he advanced the cause of African liberation and engendered an understanding of the insidious nature of neo-colonialism. He stands forth as one of the few pivotal political leaders of the twentieth century. The formation of the African Union in South Africa in the summer of 2001, though a shift from Nkrumahs African-centered union government, to promote rapid economic development of the continent is an attestation to the foresight and vision of Nkrumahs policy on Pan-Africanism.

Nkrumahs unparalleled accomplishments regarding African liberation as well as his incomparable leadership skills and achievements in terms of national unity, social, educational, economic transformation and industrial projects in Ghana came to be buried by the kind of systematic misinformation warfare following the CIA orchestrated military coup that overthrew his government on February 24, 1966 (Stockwell 1978: 160 and 201). It is this politically orchestrated misinformation which has come to serve as a model for discourse on Nkrumahs political and cultural philosophy and policies by his foes and some of his admirers.

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