The Making of Modern Jewish Identity
This volume explores the processes that led several modern Jewish leaders rabbis, politicians, and intellectuals to make radical changes to their ideology regarding Zionism, Socialism, and Orthodoxy. Comparing their ideological change to acts of conversion, the study examines the philosophical, sociological, and psychological path of the leaders transformation.
The individuals examined are novelist Arthur Koestler, who transformed from a devout Communist to an anti-Communist crusader following the atrocities of the Stalin regime; Norman Podhoretz, editor of Commentary magazine, who moved from the New Left to neoconservative, disillusioned by US liberal politics; Yissachar Shlomo Teichtel, who transformed from an ultra-Orthodox anti-Zionist Hungarian rabbi to messianic Religious Zionist due to the events of the Holocaust; Ruth Ben-David, who converted to Judaism after the Second World War in France because of her sympathy with Zionism, eventually becoming a radical anti-Israeli advocate; Haim Herman Cohn, Israeli Supreme Court justice, who grew up as a non-Zionist Orthodox Jew in Germany, later renouncing his belief in God due to the events of the Holocaust; and Avraham (Avrum) Burg, prominent centrist Israeli politician who served as the Speaker of the Knesset and head of the Jewish Agency, who later became a post-Zionist.
Comparing aspects of modern politics to religion, the book will be of interest to researchers in a broad range of areas including modern Jewish studies, sociology of religion, and political science.
Motti Inbari is an Associate Professor of Religion at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. An expert in the study of Jewish Orthodoxy, his books include Jewish Fundamentalism and the Temple Mount (2009), Messianic Religious Zionism Confronts Israeli Territorial Compromises (2012), and Jewish Radical Ultra-Orthodoxy Confronts Modernity, Zionism and Womens Equality (2016).
Routledge Jewish Studies Series
Series Editor: Oliver Leaman
University of Kentucky
Jewish Studies, which are interpreted to cover the disciplines of history, sociology, anthropology, culture, politics, philosophy, theology, religion, as they relate to Jewish affairs. The remit includes texts which have as their primary focus issues, ideas, personalities and events of relevance to Jews, Jewish life and the concepts which have characterised Jewish culture both in the past and today. The series is interested in receiving appropriate scripts or proposals.
Nationalism, War and Jewish Education
From the Roman Empire to Modern Times
David Aberbach
Nietzsche and Jewish Political Theology
David Ohana
Religious Zionism and the Six Day War
From Realism to Messianism
Avi Sagi and Dov Schwartz
Jews of Turkey
Migration, Culture and Memory
Sleyman anl
The Making of Modern Jewish Identity
Ideological Change and Religious Conversion
Motti Inbari
Charity in Rabbinic Judaism
Atonement, Rewards, and Righteousness
Alyssa M. Gray
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/middleeaststudies/series/JEWISH
The Making of Modern Jewish Identity
Ideological Change and Religious Conversion
Motti Inbari
First published 2019
by Routledge
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2019 Motti Inbari
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Inbari, Motti, author.
Title: The making of modern Jewish identity : ideological change and religious conversion / Motti Inbari.
Description: London ; New York, NY : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | Series: Routledge Jewish Studies Series | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019006620 | ISBN 9780367135959 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429027390 (ebook) | ISBN 9780429648595 (epub) | ISBN 9780429645952 (mobipocket)
Subjects: LCSH: JewsIdentity. | JewsPolitics and government. | JewsSocial conditions. | JudaismHistory. | Conversion JudaismHistory20th century.
Classification: LCC DS143 .I53 2019 | DDC 305.892/4dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019006620
ISBN: 978-0-367-13595-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-02739-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To Aliza
Contents
This book is about ideological change. As I bring this project to an end, I must contemplate on what brought me to investigate this subject so deeply. With hindsight, I cannot but recall how I started my political journey as a young man, fascinated by the ideas of Socialism. As I investigated the biographies of the figures discussed in this book, I can truly identify with each and every one of these remarkable people, although not always in full agreement with their choices. Still, I have to understand it for myself, what brought me to change, why am I not a socialist anymore? Researching the chapters of this book helped me understand my own growth. Although I cannot offer clear answers, it probably has to do with the collapse of the prospects of peace in Israel, followed by my own immigration to the United States, which opened new perspectives in my life.
People tend to view ideological change in a negative way; we do not want our politicians to zigzag, but I feel I must object. This research led me to appreciate open-mindedness and the ability of self-examination. I hope you would feel the same after reading this book.
The idea to investigate the subject of ideological and identity change came to me after spending several hours in conversations with Dr. Shalom Goldman in the fall of 2014. Goldman, who studied the biography of several prominent modern converts in and out of Judaism, suggested that I would explore the biography of Arthur Koestler. At that time, Goldman was studying Ruth Ben-Davids conversion story, and the chapter in his book Jewish-Christian Difference and Modern Jewish Identity (Lexington Books, 2015) inspired me to research her story as well. Thank you, Shalom, for stimulating and challenging me to start this project. These conversations were truly inspirational.
The ideas for almost all of the chapters of this book came to me in conversations with colleagues and friends. My dear friend Dr. Menachem Keren-Kratz suggested that I investigate the biography of Rabbi Yissachar Shlomo Teichtel; Dr. David Ellenson proposed that I study the case of Avrum Burg; Dr. Jonathan Sarna and Dr. Dana Kaplan gave me the idea to focus on Norman Podhoretz. Thank you so much for your wonderful suggestions. I want to send a special thanks to Dr. Thomas L. Jeffers, the biographer of Norman Podhoretz, for allowing me to have access to transcripts of the interviews he took with Podhoretz for his research.