Sebastian Schwecke - New Cultural Identitarian Political Movements in Developing Societies: The Bharatiya Janata Party

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New Cultural Identitarian Political Movements in Developing Societies

Applying an intercultural and comparative theoretical approach across Asia and Africa, this book analyses the rise and moderation of political movements in developing societies which mobilise popular support with references to conceptions of cultural identity. The author includes not only the Hindu nationalist movement but also many Islamist political movements in a single category New Cultural Identitarian Political Movements (NCIPM). Demonstrating significant similarities in the pattern of evolution between these and European Christian Democracy, the book provides an instrument for the analysis of these movements outside the parameters of the fundamentalism debate.

The book looks at a number of key variables for understanding the evolution of NCIPM, and it goes on to analyse the transition of developing societies from rent-based political economies to capitalism and the (partial) failure of this transition process. It argues that there is a need to incorporate economic and class analysis in the study of political processes in developing societies against the continuing emphasis on cultural factors associated with the cultural turn of social sciences. The book is an interesting contribution to studies in South Asian Politics, as well as Comparative Politics.

Sebastian Schwecke teaches South Asian Politics at the Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), University of Gttingen, Germany.

Routledge advances in South Asian studies

Edited by Subrata K. Mitra

South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany

South Asia, with its burgeoning, ethnically diverse population, soaring economies, and nuclear weapons, is an increasingly important region in the global context. The series, which builds on this complex, dynamic and volatile area, features innovative and original research on the region as a whole or on the countries. Its scope extends to scholarly works drawing on history, politics, development studies, sociology and economics of individual countries from the region as well those that take an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the area as a whole or to a comparison of two or more countries from this region. In terms of theory and method, rather than basing itself on any one orthodoxy, the series draws broadly on the insights germane to area studies, as well as the tool kit of the social sciences in general, emphasising comparison, the analysis of the structure and processes, and the application of qualitative and quantitative methods. The series welcomes submissions from established authors in the field as well as from young authors who have recently completed their doctoral dissertations.

1 Perception, Politics and Security in South Asia

The compound crisis of 1990

P. R. Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema and Stephen Philip Cohen

2 Coalition Politics and Hindu Nationalism

Edited by Katharine Adeney and Lawrence Saez

3 The Puzzle of Indias Governance

Culture, context and comparative theory

Subrata K. Mitra

4 Indias Nuclear Bomb and National Security

Karsten Frey

5 Starvation and Indias Democracy

Dan Banik

6 Parliamentary Control and Government Accountability in South Asia

A comparative analysis of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka

Taiabur Rahman

7 Political Mobilisation and Democracy in India

States of emergency

Vernon Hewitt

8 Military Control in Pakistan

The parallel state

Mazhar Aziz

9 Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age

Giorgio Shani

10 The Tibetan Government-in-Exile

Politics at large

Stephanie Roemer

11 Trade Policy, Inequality and Performance in Indian Manufacturing

Kunal Sen

12 Democracy and Party Systems in Developing Countries

A comparative study

Clemens Spiess

13 War and Nationalism in South Asia

The Indian state and the Nagas

Marcus Franke

14 The Politics of Social Exclusion in India

Democracy at the crossroads

Edited by Harihar Bhattacharyya, Partha Sarka and Angshuman Kar

15 Party System Change in South India

Political entrepreneurs, patterns and processes

Andrew Wyatt

16 Dispossession and Resistance in India

The river and the rage

Alf Gunvald Nilsen

17 The Construction of History and Nationalism in India

Textbooks, controversies and politics

Sylvie Guichard

18 Political Survival in Pakistan

Beyond ideology

Anas Malik

19 New Cultural Identitarian Political Movements in Developing Societies

The Bharatiya Janata Party

Sebastian Schwecke

New Cultural Identitarian Political Movements in Developing Societies

The Bharatiya Janata Party

Sebastian Schwecke

First published 2011

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2011 Sebastian Schwecke

Typeset in Times by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Schwecke, Sebastian.

New cultural identitarian political movements in developing societies: the Bharatiya Janata Party/Sebastian Schwecke.

p. cm. (Routledge advances in South Asian studies; 19)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Bharatiya Janata Party. 2. Group identityPolitical aspectsIndia. 3. IndiaPolitics and government1977 4. IndiaEthnic relationsPolitical aspects. I. Title.

JQ298.B55S39 2011

324.254083dc22

2010027554

ISBN13: 978-0-415-59596-4 (hbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-203-83390-2 (ebk)

For Michaela

Contents

The rise of the BJP

Illustrations

Matrices

Tables

Foreword

New cultural identitarian political movements in a global perspective

Hartmut Elsenhans

The decline of secular nationalist forces creates apprehension in western countries. The decolonisation process has been considered as at least a partial success: The retreating colonial powers were able to negotiate the conditions of the transition to independence with forces which they considered as culturally close to them. Schwecke describes the decline of these typically secular forces as the result of their failure in delivering sufficient results concerning economic development on the basis of state-led industrialisation combined with the modernisation of the lower and more distant strata of society which were expected to be slowly absorbed by either the highly capital-intensive modern sector or by an increasingly market-oriented and modernising small-scale industry.

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