Ariel Levite - Offense and Defense in Israeli Military Doctrine

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OFFENSE AND DEFENSE IN ISRAELI MILITARY DOCTRINE

JCSS Study No. 12

Offense and Defense in Israeli Military Doctrine

Ariel Levite

First published 1989 by Westview Press

Published 2018 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1989 by Tel Aviv University, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Levite, Ariel.
Offense and defense in Israeli military doctrine / by Ariel
Levite.
p. cm.(Publications of the Jaffee Center for Strategic
Studies, Tel Aviv University)
ISBN 0-8133-0720-1
1. IsraelDefenses. 2. IsraelNational security. I. Title.
II. Series.
UA853.I8L44 1990
355.03355694dc19 88-11095
CIP

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-00313-5 (hbk)

The Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (JCSS)

The Center for Strategic Studies was established at Tel-Aviv University at the end of 1977. In 1983 it was named the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Mel Jaffee. The objective of the Center is to contribute to the expansion of knowledge on strategic subjects and to promote public understanding of and pluralistic thought on matters of national and international security.

The Center relates to the concept of strategy in its broadest meaning, namely, the complex of processes involved in the identification, mobilization and application of resources in peace and war, in order to solidify and strengthen national and international security.

INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Chairman: Melvin Jaffee

Immediate Past Chairman: Joseph H. Strelitz (deceased)

Robert H. Arnow, Arnold Y. Aronoff, Newton D. Becker, Jack Berlin, Henry Borenstein, Edgar M. Bronfman, Simon Chilewich, Stewart M. Colton, Lester Crown, Joseph E. Eichenbaum, Danielle and Shimon Erem, Allan Fainbarg, Dr. Gerald Falwell, Jacob Feldman, Arnold D. Feuerstein, David Furman, Guilford Glazer, Eugene M. Grant, Vernon Green, Irving B. Harris, Robert M. Hecht, Betty and Sol Jaffee, Philip M. Klutznick, Max H. Kranzberg, Raymond Kulek, Max L. Kunianski, Mark Lambert, Rose and Norman Lederer, Fred W. Lessing, Morris L. Levinson, Edward Levy, Peter A. Magowan, Hermann Merkin, Stephen Meadow, Joseph Meyerhoff, Monte Monaster, Max Perlman, Milton J. Petrie, Gary P. Ratner, Raphael Recanati, Meshulam Riklis, Morris Rodman, Elihu Rose, Malcolm M. Rosenberg, Irving Schneider, Marvin Simon, Ruth Sinaiko, Walter P. Stern, Dr. Robert J. Stoller, Leonard R. Strelitz, James Warren, David Warsaw, Jacob D. Weiler, Marvin A. Weiss, Emanuel A. Winston, Bart Wolstein, Paul Yanowicz, Mortimer B. Zuckerman

Contents

1. v

Guide

1. Tables
2. Figures

The resurgence of interest in international security issues over the past decade or so has triggered keen analytic interest in military doctrines, their sources, dynamics and implications. A growing body of research has emerged in response to this interest research that has produced many valuable insights into heretofore unexplored issues and phenomena. It has also generated a lively debate on the nature and severity of doctrinal military biases as well as on their consequences. This study was informed in many different ways by earlier research in the field, and was also stimulated by that research to address some of the outstanding theoretical issues that form the core of this academic debate. Yet this study was also motivated by a desire to generate policy-relevant conclusions regarding military doctrines, with particular relevance to those of Israel.

Whatever theoretical conclusions emerge from this study must obviously be considered highly tentative, given the inherent limitations of the research strategy (a single case study). The theoretical contribution of the study will nevertheless, we hope, prove to be of some relevance: the study attempts to refine our understanding of military doctrines by going beyond the relatively narrow cultural and temporal context from which earlier studies were drawn; and it explores a contemporary case. Future studies will hopefully go further in these directions.

The study opens with a brief review of the existing literature on military doctrines in general, and offensive doctrines in particular, as well as on causes of their stagnation and sources of innovation. This review provides the backdrop for an analytical historical review of Israel's offensive military doctrine and its evolution over the years. The study proceeds to critique that doctrine on both analytical and practical grounds, then offers some reflections on the changes that must be introduced into the IDF military doctrine in order to adapt it to Israel's current and future security requirements and constraints. An effort is then made to relate the findings of this study to the conclusions of earlier studies on military doctrines.

A final note to the non-Israeli reader is in order. The English edition of this book has been late in coming, and apologies are in order to readers who have patiently awaited it. Translation of the book, which originally appeared in Hebrew, and its adaptation to the non-Israeli reader proved far more painstaking and time-consuming than originally anticipated. One particularly complex problem was the translation of Hebrew military terminology into English. Many terms commonly used in the IDF appear to lack foreign language counterparts, or have taken on context-specific meanings that defy accurate translation. Wherever possible, our translations of military terms derive from Yair Bourla's Dictionary of Military Terms (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1988).

Still, the cloud has a silver lining: the delay was used to introduce significant revisions and additions in the book, especially in . These reflect comments and suggestions received after publication of the Hebrew edition, as well as a moderate change of emphasis from relevance for policy to concern for theory.

The research for, and writing of this book spanned a period of over four years, during which I was a Senior Research Associate at the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University. The Center and its staff, as individuals and as a group, contributed a great deal to this study; it would have been presumptuous, possibly even unrealistic to attempt it without their support. Major General (res.) Aharon Yariv, Head of the Center, deserves extra special thanks for his generous assistance. Few researchers enjoy the luxury of a superior who provides not only numerous helpful comments and suggestions, but also, and above all, constant support and encouragement.

My gratitude is also extended to many individuals outside the Center whose assistance in the course of the research proved invaluable. Unfortunately I cannot, for various reasons, mention them all here. I do, however, wish to acknowledge the special contribution made by the Center for Military Analysis (CEMA) at RAPHAEL, Israel Weapons Development Authority. It was from CEMA that the initiative to write this study originated; CEMA provided the Jaffee Center with funds that facilitated research and writing; and several of the researchers of CEMA read and commented on the Hebrew drafts of the book. Special thanks are due to one of those researchers, Dr. Ilan Amit, for much advice and support during the entire undertaking.

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