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John F. Clark - Political Reform in Francophone Africa

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John F. Clark Political Reform in Francophone Africa

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Most African states experienced only a few fleeting years of democratic rule after independence before succumbing to authoritarianism. During the 1970s and 1980s, Africans and Westerners alike came to view dictatorship to be as much a part of the regions social landscape as its grinding poverty. Yet the end of the Cold War and the sharpening of the economic crisis at the end of the 1980s have breathed new life into campaigns for democracy in Africa, shaking the foundations of many long-standing autocracies. In some cases, dramatic transitions took place, though the fate of the new democracies is far from certain. This volume explores the origins and evolution of political reform movements in several states of francophone Africa. The authors first make the case for the distinctiveness of francophone Africa, based on the influences of colonial history, language, and Frances contemporary role in Africa, then survey the challenges of reform, including the problems of transition from authoritarianism and consolidation of democratic regimes. Case studies of thirteen former French and Belgian colonies follow, organized by level of reform achieved: peaceful regime change, incremental reforms, repressed reform efforts, and reform in the midst of war.

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Political Reform in Francophone Africa
First published 1997 by Westview Press
Published 2018 by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright 1997 Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Political reform in francophone Africa / edited by John F. Clark,
David E. Gardinier.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8133-2785-7. ISBN 0-8133-2786-5 (pbk.)
1. Africa, French-speakingPolitics and government. 2. Africa,
WestPolitics and government1960- I. Clark, John Frank.
II. Gardinier, David E.
DT532.6.P65 1996
320.9660917541dc20
96-38176
CIP
ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-2786-0 (pbk)
For Janie and Josefina
Contents
, John F. Clark
, David E. Gardinier
, John F. Clark
, Samuel Decalo
, John F. Clark
, Myriam Gervais
, Thomas OToole
, Laura E. Boudon
, David E. Gardinier
, Joseph Takougang
, Robert J. Mundt
, Richard Vengroff and Lucy Creevey
, John R. Heilbrunn
, Thomas Turner
, Bernard Lanne
, Timothy Longman
Guide
We wish to express our appreciation to those who assisted us in the preparation of this volume. First and foremost are the contributors, who exhibited both diligence and patience during the long process of editing and revising their chapters. We also would like to express our thanks to Barbara Ellington, senior acquisitions editor, and Libby Barstow, senior production editor, at Westview Press and to copy editor John J. Guardiano for their efforts in bringing out this volume. Any errors of fact or interpretation, of course, are our responsibility. John Clark would like to thank two former research assistants for their work on this manuscript: Laura Boudon, particularly for her translation work, encouragement, and perpetual enthusiasm, and John Woolridge, especially for his technical wizardry in computer formatting. Professor Clark also thanks his senior colleague, Susan Waltz, for her cooperation and encouragement. David Gardinier expresses his thanks to his own computer wizard, his daughter Annemarie, for all her help in preparing the manuscript for publication. Finally, we wish to dedicate this volume to the women whose support sustains us in all our work: Janie Valdes for John Clark, and Josefina Sevilla-Gardinier for David Gardinier.
John F. Clark
David E. Gardinier
AACAll Anglophone Conference [Cameroon]
ADFAlliance pour la Dmocratie et la Fdration [Burkina Faso]
ADPAlliance pour la Dmocratie et le Progrs [Central African Republic]
AECAll-Ewe Conference [Togo]
AEFAfrique quatoriale Franaise
AFCAlliance des Forces du Changement [Niger]
AFCAllied Front for Change [Cameroon]
AJ/PADSAnd Jef/Parti Africain pour la Dmocratie et le Socialisme [Senegal]
ANDAlliance Nationale pour la Dmocratie [Congo]
ANDPAlliance Nigrienne pour la Dmocratie et le Progrs
AOFAfrique Occidentale Franaise
APRTAssociation Professionnelle des Revendeurs des Tissus [Togo]
BDSBloc Dmocratique Sngalais
BETBorkou-Ennedi-Tibesti (Prefecture) [Chad]
BNABloc Nigrien dAction
BPNBureau Politique National [Chad]
CAMCameroon Action Movement
CARCentral African Republic
CARComit dAction pour le Renouveau [Togo]
CCCCNComit Coordonnateur pour la Convocation dune Confrence Nationale [Central African Republic]
CCLDComit de Coordination des Luttes Dmocratiques [Niger]
CDP/G-GConvention des Dmocrates and Patriotes/Garabi-gi [Senegal]
CDRCoalition pour la Dfense de la Rpublique [Rwanda]
CDRComits pour la Dfense de la Rvolution [Burkina Faso]
CDSConvention Dmocratique et Sociale [Niger]
CFACommunaut Financire Africaine
CFDCaisse Franaise de Dveloppement
CFDConcertation des Forces Dmocratiques [Central African Republic]
CFPConvention des Forces du Progrs [Burkina Faso]
CGSLConfdration Gabonaise des Syndicats Libres
CMSConseil Militaire Suprme [Niger]
CNCACaisse Nationale de Crdit Agricole [Togo]
CNDConseil National de Dveloppement [Niger, Rwanda]
CNDHCommission Nationale des Droits de lHomme [Togo]
CNPP/PDSConvention Nationale des Patriotes Progressifs/Parti Dmocrate Social [Burkina Faso]
CNRConseil National de la Rvolution [Burkina]
CNSConseil National du Salut [Chad]
CNTTConfdration Nationale des Travailleurs du Togo
CODCollectif pour lOpposition Dmocratique [Togo]
CPDMCameroon Peoples Democratic Movement
CPPOConseil Permanent des Partis de lOpposition [Central African Republic]
CRComits Rvolutionnaires [Burkina]
CRCommune Rurale [Senegal]
CRACoordination de la Rsistance Arme [Niger]
CSCConfdration Syndicale Congolaise
CSMConseil Suprieur Militaire [Chad]
CSNPDComit de Sursaut National pour la Paix et la Dmocratie [Chad]
CSONConseil Suprieur dOrientation Nationale [Niger]
CSRConseil Suprieur de la Rpublique [Various states]
CSTConseil Suprieur de la Transition [Chad]
CSTCConfdration Syndicale des Travailleurs Congolais
DGSEDirection Gnrale de la Scurit Extrieure [France]
DSPDivision Spciale Prsidentielle [Zaire]
EECEuropean Economic Community
FANForces Armes Nigriennes
FARFront des Associations pour le Renouveau [Togo]
FARFForces Armes pour la Rpublique Fdrale [Chad]
FCForum Civique [Central African Republic]
FDUForces Dmocratiques Unies [Congo]
FLNCFront pour la Libration Nationale du Congo [Zaire]
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