also by phil klay
Redeployment
Missionaries
PENGUIN PRESS
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Copyright 2022 by Phil Klay
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The essays in this book were originally published 20102021.
The Good War was previously published in The Daily Beast.
The Lesson of Eric Greitens, and the Navy SEALs Who Tried to Warn Us, American Purpose After the Fall of Kabul, and A History of Violence were previously published in The New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-lesson-of-eric-greitens-and-the-navy-seals-who-tried-to-warn-us; https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/american-purpose-after-the-fall-of-kabul.
Fact and Fiction was written for the International Literary Festival Erich Fried Days, Vienna; published in Kolik No. 67, 2015.
Citizen-Soldier was previously published in the Brookings Institutions Brookings Essay Series: https://www.brookings.edu/essay/the-citizen-soldier-moral-risk-and-the-modern-military/.
Death and Memory, What Were Fighting For, The Warrior at the Mall, The Soldiers We Leave Behind, After War, a Failure of the Imagination, and Can the Trauma of War Lead to Growth, Despite the Scars? were previously published in The New York Times: https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/death-and-memory/; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/opinion/sunday/what-were-fighting-for.html; https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/14/opinion/sunday/the-warrior-at-the-mall.html; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/09/opinion/veterans-war-immigration.html; https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/opinion/sunday/after-war-a-failure-of-the-imagination.html; https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/06/health/ptsd-war-trauma-growth.html.
Fear and Loathing in Mosul was previously published in American Affairs: https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2020/02/fear-and-loathing-in-mosul/.
Left Behind was previously published in The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/05/left-behind/556844/.
Man of War was previously published in America magazine.
Duty and Pity was previously published in The Wall Street Journal: https://www.wsj.com/articles/treat-veterans-with-respect-not-pity-1400856331.
We Have No Idea What Were Doing in Iraq. We Didnt Before We Killed Suleimani was previously published in The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/we-have-no-idea-what-were-doing-in-iraq-we-didnt-before-we-killed-soleimani/2020/01/09/c39e6cb4-328b-11ea-91fd-82d4e04a3fac_story.html.
Public Rage Wont Solve Any of Our Problems was previously published in Time magazine: Add the following link after "was previously published in Time magazine.": https://time.com/5434373/phil-klay-american-public-rage/.
Tales of War and Redemption was previously published in The American Scholar: https://theamericanscholar.org/tales-of-war-and-redemption/.
How We Mourned, Why We Fought and War, Loss, and Unthinkable Youth were previously published in the New York Daily News: https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/phil-klay-war-loss-unthinkable-youth-article-1.2652535.
Visions of War and Peace: Literature and Authority in World War I was previously published by The World War One Centennial Commission Write Blog: https://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/articles-posts/6358-wwi-literature-and-authority-a-reader-with-a-vision-of-peace-by-phil-klay.html.
library of congress cataloging-in-publication data
Names: Klay, Phil, author.
Title: Uncertain ground : citizenship in an age of endless, invisible war / Phil Klay.
Description: New York : Penguin Press, 2022. | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021027476 (print) | LCCN 2021027477 (ebook) | ISBN 9780593299241 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780593299258 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Klay, Phil. | United States. Marine CorpsBiography. | Civil-military relationsUnited States. | War and societyUnited States. | United StatesArmed ForcesPublic opinion. | United StatesMilitary policyPublic opinion. | United States--Social conditions21st century. | United StatesPolitics and government2009-2017. | United StatesPolitics and government2017-2021.
Classification: LCC JK330 .K53 2022 (print) | LCC JK330 (ebook) | DDC 359.9/60973dc23/eng/20211130
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027476
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027477
cover design: stephanie ross
cover image: shutterstock
book design by lucia bernard, adapted for ebook by shayan saalabi
pid_prh_6.0_139924578_c0_r0
For Adrian, Marcos, and Lucas
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
In 2009, when the Global War on Terror was in its eighth year, twice as long as America spent fighting World War II, a high school student named Javier J. Gutierrez headed off to the army. Like I had been, he was young and idealistic and full of faith, in America and in God. It was his sense of calling from his Heavenly Father that he pursued the military life, his obituary would one day read. And upon graduating from basic training, the newly minted eighteen-year-old private had put on his uniform and gone to the hospital to visit his great-grandfather, a bombardier in the Army Air Forces whod been shot down and taken prisoner by the Nazis. The old man, a veteran of our most celebrated military triumph, could no longer talk. Still, he had wept at the sight.
I was leaving the Marine Corps then, and though I was only twenty-five, the youth of new Marines and soldiers started getting to me. Baby-faced children heading out on deployments, coming back a little harder, leaner, but kids nonetheless. The protective eyewear theyd used on deployment would create ridiculous tan lines around their eyes, leaving them looking like a pack of scruffy, underfed racoons. Back in 2009, I was still hopeful about the missions we were sending those kids out on. The surge of troops to Iraq that Id been a part of had succeeded in lowering the level of violence there, and President Barack Obama was pushing for a similar strategy in Afghanistan. Maybe things really would wind down soon.
And so, as I started writing about the war and the people who fight it, I envisioned my task primarily as making sense of the past. But the Global War on Terror, begun in Afghanistan and Iraq but soon expanding to Syria and Somalia and Pakistan and the Philippines, wouldnt stay behind me. Unlike Gutierrezs fathers war, which ended with the declaration of a cease-fire and the liberation of Kuwait on February 28, 1991, and his great-grandfathers war, which ended on September 2, 1945, my war just kept going.
Gutierrez would serve in Iraq, get married, and have four kids in between deployments and training exercises. Hed join the 7th Special Forces Group, an elite unit intended to focus on Latin America, but which has sent Green Beret teams on an endless series of deployments to Afghanistan. There hed meet Antonio Rodriguez, who had also joined the military out of high school in 2009, and who was heading out on his tenth deployment to Afghanistan in as many years.