Richard Fields - Drugs in Perspective: Causes, Assessment, Family, Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment

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Causes, assessment, family, prevention, intervention, and treatment

Tenth Edition

Richard Fields, Ph.D.

Owner/Director, FACES Conferences, Inc.

(www.facesconferences.com)

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Drugs In Perspective

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2021 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LCR 24 23 22 21 20

ISBN 978-1-260-57550-7
MHID 1-260-57550-0

Cover Image: Tim Teebken/Getty Images

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered

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Richard Fields, Ph.D., has over 40 years of experience in the alcohol/drug recovery, relapse prevention, and mental health fields as a therapist, an author, and a teacher. He is the founder/director of FACES Conferences, which puts on mindfulness conferences for psychotherapists.

Dr. Fields has authored the childrens mindfulness chapter book The Amazing Adventures of Max the Mindful Mouse, FACES Publishing, March 2019. He is also the editor and co-author of A Year of Living with More Compassion, FACES Publishing, 2nd edition, 2016.

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I dedicate this book to my son, Matthew Fields.

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Section I Understanding Substance Abuse

Chapter 1 Putting Drugs in Perspective

Chapter 2 Why People Use and Abuse Drugs and Alcohol

Chapter 3 Drug-Specific Information

Chapter 4 Assessment: Substance Abuse, Dependence, Addiction, and Suicidality

Section II Family

Chapter 5 Substance Abuse and Family Systems

Chapter 6 Parents and Family: At-Risk Factors for Substance Abuse

Chapter 7 Growing Up in an Alcoholic Family System: Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACA)

Section III Motivation, Intervention, Co-occurring Disorders, Prevention, Recovery, and Relapse Prevention

Chapter 8 Motivation and Change

Chapter 9 Intervention

Chapter 10 Prevention of Substance Abuse Problems

Chapter 11 Disorders Co-occurring with Substance Abuse

Chapter 12 Recovery, Suicide, Alcohol/Drugs and Relapse Prevention (RP)

Index

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• About the Author iii

• Preface xiv

• SECTION I Understanding Substance Abuse 1

• CHAPTER 1 Putting Drugs in Perspective 2

• Outline of Chapter 1 2

• Objectives 2

• Introduction 3

• The Four Major Perspectives on Alcohol/Drug Abuse 3

• The Moral-Legal Perspective 3

• The Medical-Public Health Perspective 3

• The Psychosocial Perspective 3

• The Social-Cultural Perspective 4

• The Fifth PerspectiveYour Perspective Questionnaire 4

  • Moral-Legal Perspective 4

  • Medical-Public Health Perspective 4

  • Psychosocial Perspective 4

  • Personal Perspective 4

• A Perspective of Hope 5

• Alcohol: The Most Problematic Drug 5

• Alcohol-Related Problems: Binge Drinking on College Campuses 6

  • Binge Drinking and Other Age Groups 7

  • Sexual Assault and Rape on College CampusesThe Role of Alcohol 7

  • Drinking and Driving among Young Drivers 9

• Alcohol and Violence among the General Population 10

  • Intimate Partner Violence 10

  • Alcohol-Related Injuries and Deaths 10

• Other Factors that Influence Perspective 11

• Supply Side ApproachNeglect of the Demand Side 11

• The Myth of the Simple Magical Solution 11

• Failed Approaches to Drug Abuse: Scare Tactics 11

• Historical Racist Bias to the Drug Problem 12

  • Socioeconomic Inequities that Undermine the American Dream 14

• Academic Failure and the Role of the U.S. Educational System 15

• Drug Discoveries, Problems, and Crises 16

• Opioid Overdose Deaths 16

• Case Study 1.1 Fatal Overdose 17

• Breakthrough Psychotherapies Using Psychedelics 16

  • Promising Treatment Results, Safety, and Efficacy 17

  • Treating Depression 18

  • About Psilocybin 18

  • PAP as an Alternative to Current Treatments for Depression 19

  • FDA Psilocybin Research 19

  • Psilocybin Legislation 19

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• Nicotine Vaping by High School Students 19

• Medical Marijuana: Need for More Current Research 20

  • Resurgence of Marijuana Use by the Young and Old 22

• In Review 22

• Discussion Questions 23

• References 23

• CHAPTER 2 Why People Use and Abuse Drugs and Alcohol 25

• Outline of Chapter 2 25

• Objectives 25

• Introduction 26

• Our Innate Drive to Alter Consciousness 26

• Models, Theories, and Contributing Factors of Substance Use and Abuse 26

• Tension and Stress Reduction 27

• Trauma and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) 28

• The Disease Model of Alcoholism 29

• Case Study 2.1 Trauma and Addiction 30

• Case Study 2.2 Sexual Violation and Addiction 31

• Genetic Model of AlcoholismAdoption and Twin Studies 33

  • Adoption Studies 33

  • Twin Studies 33

• Personality Traits and Personality Disorders 33

  • Addictive Personality 33

  • Personality Disorders 34

• Attachment and Substance Abuse 34

• Case Study 2.3 Borderline and Narcissistic Personality Disorders with Substance Use Disorders 35

• Self-Medication Motive 36