Carl L. Hart. - Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior

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Eighteenth Edition

Carl L. Columbia University

Charles J. Ksir University of Wyoming

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DRUGS, SOCIETY, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Copyright 2022 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

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ISBN 978-1-260-59763-9

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Dr. Hart is the Ziff Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry at Columbia University. He is also a research scientist at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. He has published extensively in the area of neuropsychopharmacology and lectures on the topic throughout the world. His book High Price was the 2014 winner of the PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award.

Dr. Ksir is professor emeritus of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Wyoming. Now retired after 35 years of research and teaching, he has authored or coauthored Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior since 1984. He continues to teach a class based on this text via the Internet.

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1. Section One Drug Use in Modern Society

2. Chapter 1 Drug Use: An Overview

3. Chapter 2 Drug Use as a Social Problem

4. Chapter 3 A History of Drug Policy in the United States

1. Section Two How Drugs Work

2. Chapter 4 The Nervous System

3. Chapter 5 The Actions of Drugs

1. Section Three Uppers and Downers

2. Chapter 6 Stimulants

3. Chapter 7 Depressants and Inhalants

4. Chapter 8 Medication for Mental Disorders

1. Section Four Alcohol

2. Chapter 9 Alcohol

1. Section Five Familiar Drugs

2. Chapter 10 Tobacco

3. Chapter 11 Caffeine

4. Chapter 12 Dietary Supplements and Over-the-Counter Drugs

1. Section Six Restricted Drugs

2. Chapter 13 Opioids

3. Chapter 14 Psychedelics

4. Chapter 15 Cannabis

5. Chapter 16 Performance-Enhancing Drugs

1. Section Seven Prevention and Harm Reduction

2. Chapter 17 Preventing Substance Abuse

3. Chapter 18 Treating Substance Use Disorders and Drug Policy Alternatives

1. Appendix A Drug Names

2. Appendix B Resources for Information and Assistance

3. Glossary

4. Index

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• The Drug Problem

  • Use Is Not Abuse

  • Every Drug Has Multiple Effects

  • Amount Matters

  • Psychoactive Drug Effects Are Powerfully Influenced by the Users History and Expectations

  • Drugs, Per Se, Are Not Good or Bad

• How Did We Get Here?

• Drugs and Drug Use Today

  • Extent of Drug Use

  • Populations of Users

  • Trends in Drug Use

• Correlates of Drug Use

  • Risk and Protective Factors

  • Deviant Drug Use

  • Race, Gender, and Level of Education

  • Personality Variables

  • Genetics

  • Antecedents of Drug Use

  • Gateway Substances

  • Motives for Drug Use

• Summary

• Review Questions

• References

• Check Yourself: Do Your Goals and Behaviors Match?

• Land of the Free?

• Toxicity

  • Categories of Toxicity

  • Fatal Drug Overdoses

  • Blood-Borne Diseases

• Substance Dependence: What Is It?

  • Three Basic Processes

  • Changing Views of Addiction

  • Which Is More Important, Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence?

• Broad Views of Addiction

  • Is Addiction Caused by the Substance?

  • Is Dependence Biological?

  • Is There an Addictive Personality?

  • Is Addiction a Family Disorder?

  • Is Drug Addiction a Disease?

• Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime?

• Why We Try to Regulate Drugs

• Summary

• Review Questions

• References

• Check Yourself: Do Your Goals and Behaviors Match?

• Check Yourself: Whats Your Risk of Drug Toxicity?

• Appendix: Death Investigation Systems by State

• The Beginnings

  • Reformism

  • Issues Leading to Legislation

  • 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act

  • Harrison Act of 1914

  • Two Bureaus, Two Types of Regulation

• Regulation of Pharmaceuticals

  • Purity

  • Safety

  • Effectiveness

  • Marketing a New Drug

• Controlled Substances

  • After the Harrison Act

  • Narcotic Control Act of 1956

  • Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965

  • Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

  • Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988

• State and Local Regulations

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• Federal Support for Drug Screening

  • Military and Federal Employees

  • Transportation Workers

  • Private Employers

  • Public Schools

  • Testing Methods

• The Impact of Drug Enforcement

  • Budget

  • International Programs

  • Other Federal Agencies