Toby Dodge - Iraq at the Crossroads

Iraq at the Crossroads:
State and Society
in the Shadow of
Regime Change

Edited by
Toby Dodge and
Steven Simon

Adelphi Paper 354

First published 2003 by Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Arundel House, 13-15 Arundel Street, Temple Place, London, WC2R 3DX

This reprint published by Routledge

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For The International Institute for Strategic Studies

Arundel House, 13-15 Arundel Street, Temple Place, London, WC2R 3DX

www.iiss.org

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

2003 The International Institute for Strategic Studies

Director John Chipman

Editor Mats R. Berdal

Design Manager Simon Nevitt

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

ISBN 019852837X

ISSN 0567-932X

Publisher's Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent

Biographies

Amatzia Baram

Dr Amatzia Baram is a professor of Middle East History at the University of Haifa, Israel. He was awarded his PhD in 1986 by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and has been teaching at Haifa since 1982. In the 1990s, Dr Baram spent a year as Senior Associate Member at St Antony's College, Oxford, a year as Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC and a year with the US Institute of Peace, also in Washington DC. He has been studying Iraqi history, politics, society and culture since the late 1970s. He has published two books and numerous articles in professional magazines.

Toby Dodge

Dr Toby Dodge is a Research Fellow at the ESRC Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick, where he is working on the transformation of the Middle East and the wider developing world under globalisation. He has recently published Globalisation and the Middle East; Islam, Economics, Society and Politics, co-edited with Professor Richard Higgott (London and Washington: Royal Institute of International Affairs and the Brookings Institution, 2002). Before joining Warwick University he worked with the Middle East Programme at The Royal Institute of International Affairs. His research there focused on the use of coercive diplomacy in the post-Cold War world and the transformation of Iraq under economic embargo and war. A book, Iraq under sanctions: violence, poverty and war will be published by Blackwells in early 2003. Research for the book was carried out in Iraq over the past two years. Toby last visited Baghdad in September 2002. Before working at RIIA he completed a PhD on the transformation of the international system in the aftermath of the First World War and the creation of the Iraqi state at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He also taught international relations and Middle Eastern politics in the Department of Political Studies at SOAS for four years.

Faleh A. Jabar

Dr Faleh A. Jabar is an Iraqi sociologist, based in London. He holds a PhD in Political sociology ( Birkbeck College, University of London), and he is research fellow at Birkbeck. His recent publications include: State and Civil Society in Iraq (Cairo: Ibn Khaldun Centre, 1995); Post-Marxism and the Middle East (London: Saqi Books, 1998); Ayatollahs Sufis and Idoelogues (London: Saqi Books 2002); Tribes and Power in the Middle East (London: Saqi Books, 2002). His, The Shia Movement in Iraq is to be published in February 2003.

Isam al Khafaji

Dr Isam al Khafaji, BSc, MA, Doctorat de Trosisieme Cycle Economics, Summa Cum Laude PhD Social Sciences, is an Iraqi writer and scholar. Born in Baghdad in 1950, he lives now in the Netherlands, where he teaches on state and nation formation and consolidation, globalisation and development at the International School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Amsterdam. He is also a consultant with the World Bank, Washington DC. Last year, he was a senior expert for the United Nations Development programme for the preparation of Syria's first national human development report. Before that he was a visiting professor at New York University. He has lectured and participated in conferences at several universities including Harvard, Princeton and Georgetown. Al Khafaji is the author of three books in Arabic and numerous papers and articles in Arabic, English, Dutch, German and Persian on theoretical issues as well as on the politics, economics and society in the Middle East in general and Iraq in particular. Al Khafaji has edited and sat on the editorial boards of several reviews and periodicals including the Middle East Report, of which he is a contributing editor.

Michiel Leezenberg

Michiel Leezenberg is assistant professor in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Amsterdam. His main research interests are the Kurds, Islamic intellectual traditions, and the foundations of the human sciences. He made several research trips to Iraqi Kurdistan, and has published extensively on politics, society and economics of the region. In 2001 he published Islamic Philosophy: A History (in Dutch), which was awarded the prize for the best Dutch-language philosophy book of the year.

David Ochmanek

David Ochmanek is a senior analyst at RAND. He has held several positions in the United States government, including service in the United States Air Force, the Department of State and the Department of Defense, where he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy from 1993 to 1995. His most recent book is The Real and the Ideal: Essays on International Relations in Honor of Richard H. Ullman, co-edited with Anthony Lake (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001).

Steven Simon

Steven Simon is Assistant Director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Carol Deane Senior Fellow in American Security Studies. Before joining IISS in November 1999, he served on the National Security Council staff at the White House for five years, concentrating on Persian Gulf security strategy and counter-terrorism. Prior to his White House assignment, he held a succession of posts at the Department of State, including Director for Political-Military Plans and Policy and Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Regional Security Affairs. Mr Simon appears regularly on London-based media outlets (TV, web, radio) to discuss US-European relations, American politics, and Middle Eastern affairs and has been published by TIME, the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal Europe, Asian Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, International Herald Tribune, Christian Science Monitor, Strategic Survey, the New York Review of Books and The New Republic, as well as scholarly journals, including