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Neovi M. Karakatsanis - Political and Military Sociology: An Annual Review

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Neovi M. Karakatsanis Political and Military Sociology: An Annual Review
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Political and Military Sociology continues a mission of publishing cutting-edge research on some of the most important issues in civil-military relations. In this inaugural volume of the new annual publication, Won-Taek Kang tackles the issue of nostalgia for Park Chung Hee in South Korea, and analyzes why many South Koreans today appear to miss the deceased dictator. Ryan Kelty, Todd Woodruff, and David R. Segal focus on the role identity of U.S. combat soldiers as they balance competing demands made by the military profession, on the one hand, and solders family and personal relations, on the other.

D. Michael Lindsay considers the impact that social contact has on military and civilian participants in the elite White House Fellowship program, and analyzes how social contact affects the confidence in the U.S. military that civilian fellows later show. Analyzing letters to the editor of a local newspaper, Chris M. Messer and Thomas E. Shriver consider how community activists attempt to frame the issue of environmental degradation in the context of a local dispute over the storage of radioactive waste. David Pion-Berlin, Antonio Uges, Jr., and Diego Esparza analyze the recent emergence of websites run by Latin American militaries, and consider why these militaries choose to advertise their activities on the Internet.

Political and Military Sociology also includes reviews of important new books in civil-military relations, political science, and military sociology. Included here are discussions of books about U.S. war crimes in Vietnam, civil-military relations in contemporary China, the structural transformation of the U.S. Army, Japanese security policy, American treatment of POWs, the Bonus March, and the GI Bill.

The series will be of broad interest to scholars of civil-military relations, political science, and political sociology. It will continue the tradition of peer review that has guaranteed it a place of importance among research publications in this area.

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POLITICAL
and
MILITARY
SOCIOLOGY
Editors
Neovi M. Karakatsanis
Indiana University South Bend
Jonathan Swarts
Purdue University North Central
Book Review Editor
Jonathan Swarts
Purdue University North Central
Board of Associate Editors
Sergei Baburkin, YaroslavlStatePedagogical University;AmirBar-Or, Sapir College;Robert Benford, Southern Illinois University;Hans Born, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF);Clem Brooks, Indiana University;Michael Conniff, San Jos State University;Gebretsadkan Gebretensae, Center for Policy Research and Dialogue, Addis Ababa;Metin Heper, Bilkent University;Nila Kapor-Stanulovic, University of Novi Sad;Savvas Katsikidis, University Of Cyprus;Anicia Lala, Higher Institute of International Relations (ISRI), Maputo;Dominique Maillard, University of Paris XII;David Mares, University of California, San Diego;Leonardo Morlino, University of Florence;Riefqi Muna, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2P-LIPI);David Pion-Berlin, University of California, Riverside;Karthika Sasikumar, San Jos State University;Robert K. Schaeffer, Kansas State University;Riaz Ahmed Shaikh, Institute of Business and Technology (BIZTEK), Karachi;Henning Sarensen, Institute for Sociological Research;Marybeth Peterson Ulrich, U.S. Army War College;Laurence Whitehead, Nuffield College, University of Oxford;Jerzy Wiatr, European School of Law and Administration, Warsaw;Daniel Zirker, University of Waikato;Marian Zulean, University of Bucharest
First published 2015 by Transaction Publishers
Published 2017 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor and Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright 2015 by Taylor & Francis.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
ISSN: 0047-2697
ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-5699-7 (pbk)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume 43, 2015
Neovi M. Karakatsanis and Jonathan Swarts
L.H.E. Kleinreesink, K. Neil Jenkings and Rachel Woodward
Shiri Noy and Kevin Doran
Christopher A. Simon and Nicholas P. Lovrich
Curt Nichols
Pempelani Mufune
Kenneth D. Wald and Danielle Feinstein
Benjamin R. Beede
Neovi M. Karakatsanis
Jonathan Swarts
Editors
This volume of Political and Military Sociology: An Annual Review encompasses a wide range of empirical research on a variety of themesbut ones that are tied together by their insistence on the importance of attitudes, culture, and perceptions. The significance of public attitudes, the impact of culture and cultural norms, and the perceptions of military officers and civilians are all analyzed in detail in the seven articles in this volume.
First, we begin with the importance of culture, its production, and its reception by the general public. Maintaining that military memoirs, which shape and influence public narratives of war, should be taken seriously as objects of scholarly analysis, L.H.E. Kleinreesink, K. Neil Jenkings, and Rachel Woodward consider fifteen such memoirs on the war in Afghanistan published in the United Kingdom between 2001 and 2010. Setting out to determine which factors most contribute to making memoirs better sellers, the authors find that only two of a number of factors appear to correlate with higher sales (the rank of the author and the award of a medal). They close their analysis by raising the issue that just as British militarism may be sustained and normalized by cultural products, such as memoirs, their own analysis reveals that the idea of militarism can also be disrupted and resisted by such writing by military personnel. For this reason, the authors contend that military memoirs should be an important object of scholarly inquiry.
Continuing the focus on culture and its impactin this case, on such large-scale phenomena as political violenceShiri Noy and Kevin Doran write on the effects that the intensification of globalization has on ethnic group conflict within states (both of the violent and nonviolent variants). Using the Minorities at Risk Dataset, the authors examine the effects of globalization and a number of national conditions on ethnic conflict in 106 countries from 1985 to 2002. Among the authors conclusions is that national-level economic and political factors as well as cultural globalization may be the most important factors determining the severity of ethnic rebellion. In contrast, the impact of economic (as opposed to cultural) globalization appears to be limited to nonviolent ethnic conflict with the state.
The volumes attention then turns to public attitudes and the role of the military. Looking at Canadian attitudes toward military expenditures following the September 11th terrorist attacks on the United States, Christopher Simon and Nicholas Lovrich conduct a longitudinal analysis of public opinion in Ontario. They find that Canadian survey respondents show marginally greater support for increased military expenditure after the attack than do their counterparts south of the U.S.-Canadian border. Given this difference in public attitudes between American and Canadian citizens, Simon and Lovrich conclude that cross-border comparisons are particularly essential if we are to understand public opinion and the way in which it affects institutional public policy choices.
Curt Nichols next examines the attitudes of Texans toward the U.S. military, recent U.S. wars, the draft, and military service generally. Using a dataset with a rare oversample of African American and Latino respondents, he attempts to uncover the role of race/ethnicityand its interaction with other factorsin shaping attitudes toward the U.S. military and service in it. He finds that while support for the U.S. military is high in traditionally conservative, promilitary Texas, that support is neither monolithic nor uniform across different race/ethnic groups. While noting important race/ethnicity-based gaps in support for the military, he also finds that race and ethnicity are mediated by other demographic factors in a complex set of attitudinal relationships.
Emphasizing the role of the media in promoting democracy and democratic attitudes in southern Africa, Pempelani Mufune goes against most standard interpretations found in the literature, which claim a more direct correlation between the existence of popular media and good governance, democracy, and human rights in newly established democracies. Contrary to this accepted wisdom, Mufunes analysis of a diverse group of southern African states leads him to a more nuanced conclusion: The existence of popular media in southern Africa has not in and of itself brought about popular democracy. Instead, southern African democracies continue to be elitist, and their media are inherently biased toward powerful interests, the governing elite, and profit making.
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