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Guglielmo Cinque - On Linearization: Toward a Restrictive Theory

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The first attempt at a restrictive theory of the linear order of sentences and phrases of the worlds languages, by one of the founders of cartographic syntax.
Linearization, or the typical sequence of words in a sentence, varies tremendously from language to language. Why, for example, does the English phrase a white table need a different word order from the French phrase une table blanche, even though both refer to the same object? Guglielmo Cinque challenges the current understanding of word order variation, which assumes that word order can be dealt with simply by putting a head either before or after its complements and modifiers. The subtle variations in word order, he says, can provide a window into understanding the deeper structure of language and are in need of a sophisticated explanation.
The bewildering variation in word order among the languages of the world, says Cinque, should not dissuade us from researching what, if anything, determines which orders are possible (and attested/attestable) and which orders are impossible (and not attested/nonattestable), both when they maximally conform to the head-final or head-initial types and when they depart from them to varying degrees. His aim is to develop a restrictive theory of word order variationnot just a way to derive the ideal head-initial and head-final word orders but also the mixed cases.
In the absence of an explicit theory of linearization, Cinque provides a general approach to derive linear order from a hierarchical arrangement of constituents, specifically, by assuming a restrictive movement analysis that creates structures that can then be linearized by Richard S. Kaynes Linear Correspondence Axiom.

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Contents
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Linguistic Inquiry Monographs Samuel Jay Keyser general editor A complete - photo 1

Linguistic Inquiry Monographs

Samuel Jay Keyser, general editor

A complete list of books published in the Linguistic Inquiry Monographs series appears at the .

On Linearization

Toward a Restrictive Theory

Guglielmo Cinque

The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England

2023 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

This work is subject to a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license.

Subject to such license, all rights are reserved.

The MIT Press would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers who provided - photo 2

The MIT Press would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers who provided comments on drafts of this book. The generous work of academic experts is essential for establishing the authority and quality of our publications. We acknowledge with gratitude the contributions of these otherwise uncredited readers.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Cinque, Guglielmo, author.

Title: On linearization : toward a restrictive theory / Guglielmo Cinque.

Description: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, 2023. | Series: Linguistic inquiry monographs | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2022016358 | ISBN 9780262544955 (paperback) | ISBN 9780262372879 (epub) | ISBN 9780262372862 (pdf)

Subjects: LCSH: Grammar, Comparative and generalWord order.

Classification: LCC P295 .C55 2023 | DDC 415dc23/eng/20220502

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022016358

d_r0

To Cino Renzi and Sandu Niculescu

Contents
List of Tables
Series Foreword

We are pleased to present the eighty-fourth volume in the series Linguistic Inquiry Monographs. These monographs present new and original research beyond the scope of the article. We hope they will benefit our field by bringing to it perspectives that will stimulate further research and insight.

Originally published in limited edition, the Linguistic Inquiry Monographs are now more widely available. This change is due to the great interest engendered by the series and by the needs of a growing readership. The editors thank the readers for their support and welcome suggestions about future directions for the series.

Samuel Jay Keyser

for the Editorial Board

Acknowledgments

I wish to thank David Adger, Boban Arsenijevi, Paola Beninc, Noam Chomsky, Yoshio Endo, Alessandra Giorgi, Alex Grosu, Roland Hinterhlzl, Richard Kayne, Jaklin Kornfilt, Iliyana Krapova, Yuri Lander, Audrey Li, Rita Manzini, David Peter Medeiros, Andrea Moro, Nicola Munaro, Cecilia Poletto, Andrew Radford, Luigi Rizzi, Ian Roberts, Joachim Sabel, Emanuela Sanfelici, Ur Shlonsky, Dominique Sportiche, Stanislao Zomp, and in particular Peter Svenonius and two anonymous referees for their helpful observations in written or oral form. None of them should be taken to share the conclusions reached here. Part of this work was initiated at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, in the spring of 2020. I thank the students of my Problems in Syntax class, where I presented part of this material, and eljko Bokovi, Andrea Calabrese, William Snyder, Adrian Stegovec, and Yuta Tatsumi for discussions relating to various parts of this work.

Im also grateful for the questions and comments I received from the participants of the online reading group seminars of the University of Padua (Cecilia Poletto, Nicola DAntuono, Tommaso Mattiuzzi, Giacomo Presotto, Emanuela Sanfelici, Yangyu Sun, Caterina Tasinato) and the University of Graz (Boban Arsenijevi, Svitlana Antonyuk-Yudina, Predrag Kovaevi, Stefan Milosavljevi, Petra Mima, Stefano Quaglia, and Marko Simonovi), as well as to Aquiles Tescari Neto, Sandra Quarezemin, and the audience of my online talk in June 2021 at the colloquium series Zoom na Cartografia, organized by LaCaSa (Cartographic Syntax Laboratory) at the University of Campinas and NEG (Grammar Studies Center) at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, and to the audiences of an online talk on Cartography and Linear Order given at the 4th International Workshop on Syntactic Cartography at Beijing Language and Culture University on October 29th 2021, and at the University of Geneva on November 30th 2021.

Abbreviations and Symbols

*

Ungrammatical construction

%

Interspeaker variation

Morpheme boundary

=

Clitic boundary

()

Optional

1, 2, 3

first, second, third person

ABL

Ablative

ABS

Absolutive

ACC

Accusative

Add

Additive

A(dj)

Adjective

Adv(P)

Adverb (Phrase)

AFF

Affix

Agr

Agreement

AN

Adjective Noun

ANIM

Animate

AOR

Aorist (tense)

AP

Adjective Phrase

ART

Article

Asp

Aspect

Ass

Associative (marking possession)

AT

Actor Topic

Aux

Auxiliary (verb)

C

Complementizer

Card

Cardinal (morpheme/Numeral)

CLF

Classifier

CM

Class marker

COMP

Complementizer

COP

Copula

CP

Complementizer Phrase

DE

de (Chinese nominal marker)

DEF

Definite

Deg

Degree

Dem

Demonstrative

Det

Determiner

DIM

Diminutive

DO

Direct Object

DP

Determiner Phrase

DU

Dual

DUR

Durative

ERG

Ergative

EVID

Evidential

EXT

Existential

F

Feminine

FOFC

Final-over-Final Condition

FP

Functional Projection

FUT

Future (tense)

GEN

Genitive

GN

Genitive Noun

Hum

Human

I-Language

Internal, Individual, Intensional Language

IMPF

Imperfect

INF

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