ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
Volume 6
NATIONALISM SELF-DETERMINATION AND POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
NATIONALISM SELF-DETERMINATION AND POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
Edited by
R.J. JOHNSTON, DAVID B. KNIGHT AND ELEONORE KOFMAN
First published in 1988
This edition first published in 2015
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1988 R.J. Johnston, David B. Knight and Eleonore Kofman
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ISBN: 978-1-138-80830-0 (Set)
eISBN: 978-1-315-74725-5 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-138-80985-7 (Volume 6)
eISBN: 978-1-315-74976-1 (Volume 6)
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NATIONALISM SELF-DETERMINATION AND POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
Edited by R.J. JOHNSTON, DAVID B. KNIGHT and ELEONORE KOFMAN
1988 R.J. Johnston, David B. Knight and Eleonore Kofman
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham, Kent, BR3 1AT
Croom Helm Australia, 44-50 Waterloo Road,
North Ryde, 2113, New South Wales
Published in the USA by
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Nationalism, self-determination and political geography.
1. Nationalism
I. Johnston, R.J. II. Knight, David III. Kofman, Eleonore
320.54 JC311
ISBN 0-7099-1480-6
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
ISBN 0-7099-1480-6
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Mackays of Chatham Ltd, Kent
CONTENTS
R.J. Johnston, David B. Knight and Eleonore Kofman
James Anderson
Bertha K. Becker
Andrew Burghardt
Josiah A.M. Cobbah
Alasdair Drysdale
Clive Hedges
David B. Knight
Alexander B. Murphy
Juval Portugali
Graham Smith
H. van der Wusten
Colin H. Williams
Political geography is enjoying a welcome resurgence, as geographers of all subdisciplinary persuasions realise the need for a full appreciation of the nature and role of the state in human affairs. To provide a focus for that work, steps were taken in the early 1980s, led by John House, to promote the establishment of a Commission on Political Geography within the International Geographical Union. A major international conference was convened in Oxford by John House in 1983, just six months prior to his untimely death, at which a proposal for a Commission was written. The focus of its work was to be an understanding of the World Political Map, and I had the honour of election as Chairman-designate.
At about the same time, the Executive Committee of the International Geographical Union initiated a new organisational category of Study Groups, which were to have a limited life of four years during which the case for establishment of a full Commission could be made. Consequently the case was made for establishment of a Study Group on the World Political Map, and this was agreed at the Paris International Geographical Congress in 1984.
During the four-year life of the Study Group a full programme of meetings and conferences has been arranged in several parts of the world, each focusing on a particular topic. It is hoped that a number of publications will stem from these meetings, helping to inform the geographical community at large of our work and the contributions that it is making.
The first book to be published from the Groups meetings was a selection of papers from the 1983 Oxford conference (P.J. Taylor and J.W. House, editors, Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions . Croom Helm, London, 1984). This volume is the third to be produced by the group (the second was Gerald Blake, editor, Maritime Boundaries and Ocean Resources . Croom Helm, London, 1987). It is derived from a conference that the group held in San Sebastian, Spain, in August 1986, as part of the Regional Conference of the International Geographical Union which focused on Barcelona. Only a selection of the papers presented there on these important topics is included in the book: the full list of papers presented is given at the end of the volume.
On behalf of the Study Group, I am grateful to all those who have made the production of this book possible. In particular, thanks are due to F. Gomez Pineiro, Juan Antonio Saez, and Lide Sanches, who did so much to make the meeting in San Sebastian a success, to the contributors to the formal and informal discussions then, and to the authors for collaborating in the production of this volume.
R.J. Johnston
May 1987, Sheffield
R.J. Johnston, David B. Knight and Eleonore Kofman
In the 1970s it was commonplace to open a discussion of nationalism with remarks about the paucity of literature, and the fact that many interpretations of nationalism saw it as an irrational force rooted in atavistic sentiments. However, by the mid-1980s such a statement, though still occasionally uttered, would not be at all accurate. In the intervening years there have been numerous studies of nationalism and self-determination. There have been theoretical (B. Anderson, 1983; Gellner, 1983; Munck, 1986; A.D. Smith 1971, 1981), comparative (Breuilly, 1982; Sathyamurthy, 1983; Tiryakian and Rogowski, 1985) and individual case studies. The last are too numerous to mention; many of them, like the comparative studies, have contributed, through an examination of particular nationalism(s), to more general debates (on internal colonialism, Hechter, 1975; uneven development, Nairn, 1977; primordialism and territorial aspects, Linz, 1985; and self-determination, Knight and Davies, 1987).
Geographers have not been absent from this growing body of literature (e.g. J. Anderson, 1986; Agnew, 1984, 1987; Blaut, 1986; Knight, 1982; McLaughlin, 1986; G. Smith, 1979; Williams, 1982, 1985; Orridge and Williams, 1982). For Agnew (1987), the way that nationalism has been defined and examined in history and social science has not allowed for geographical analysis. Yet Williams (1985, pp. 34050) lists five areas in which geographers have extended, or could extend, the analysis of nationalism: 1) the national construction of social space; 2) uneven development and nationalism; 3) the secular intelligentsia; 4) structural preconditions and triggering factors; and 5) ecological analysis.
