Brian Simon - Psychology in the Soviet Union

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The International Library of Sociology

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PSYCHOLOGY IN
THE SOVIET UNION

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Founded by KARL MANNHEIM

The International Library of Sociology

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THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE SOVIET UNION
In 8 Volumes

I	Chekov and his Russia	Bruford
II	Educational Psychology in the U.S.S.R.	Simon et al
III	The Family in the U.S.S.R.	Schlesinger
IV	History of a Soviet Collective Farm	Belov
V	Nationalities Problem and Soviet Administration	Schlesinger
VI	Psychology in the Soviet Union	Simon
VII	Soviet Legal Theory	Schlesinger
VIII	Soviet Youth	Meek

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE
SOVIET UNION

Edited with an Introduction by
BRIAN SIMON

Papers by
B.G.ANANIEV
E.I BOIKO
P.YA.GALPERIN
A.A.LIUBLINSKAYA
N.A.MENCHINSKAYA
T.V.ROZONAVA
L.A.SHVARTS
A.A.SMIRNOV
B.M.TEPLOV
A.V.ZAPOROZHETS
D.N.BOGOIAVLENSKY
D.B.ELKONIN
A.N.LEONTIEV
A.R.LURIA
E.A.MILERIAN
S.L.RUBINSTEIN
L.S.SLAVINA
E.N.SOKOLOV
L.V.ZANKOV

Translated by
J. &M. ELLIS, J.McLEISH
H.MILNE, N.PARSONS
and others

First published in 1957 by
Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.

1957 Brian Simon

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in The International Library of Sociology.
This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0-203-00024-2 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-19344-X (Adobe eReader Format)

Psychology in the Soviet Union
ISBN 0-415-17814-2 (Print Edition)
The Sociology of the Soviet Union: 8 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17836-3 (Print Edition)
The International Library of Sociology: 274 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17838-X (Print Edition)

PREFACE

IN APRIL 1955, a small party of teachers and educationists visited the U.S.S.R. at the invitation of the Academy of Educational Sciences of the R.S.F.S.R. The chief purpose was to study the experimental schools, where new curricula and methods of teaching were being evolved for the development of polytechnical education, and in preparation for the raising of the school leaving age to 17. But it soon became apparent that such a study required knowledge of developments in psychology, and accordingly members of the delegation had a number of detailed discussions with Soviet psychologists, notably Professors Smirnov, Menchinskaya, Leontiev and Luria in Moscow, and Professor Ananiev in Leningrad. It was as an outcome of these that the idea of this book was born; that is, of a book that would familiarize English readers with the general direction of Soviet psychology, but designed to be of interest to teachers as well as psychologists.

I put this suggestion in a letter addressed to Professor Smirnov, director of the Institute of Psychology of the Academy of Educational Sciences, and Professor Menchinskaya, the deputy-director. They immediately responded with interest, and after discussion with their colleagues, sent thirty papers which might be included in such a volume; from these, twenty have been chosen for publication. Full permission was given to edit and abbreviate the papers in any way necessary in order to present as rounded a picture as possible within the available space.

There is no need to underline the difficulties of translating and editing specialized papers, particularly when the material is relatively unfamiliar. But there has been a cooperative effort to overcome these. Mr. H.Milne and Mr. N.Parsons, who undertook the bulk of the translation at short notice, readily agreed to produce unabridged translations, which were then edited and returned to them for checking; it was felt that this was the best way of ensuring accurate editing, in particular, uniformity in the translation of key terms. In resolving some particular problems of this kind I have had much assistance from Mr. O.Kovasc.

Dr. Brian Kirman, Mr. John McLeish and Dr, Neil OConnor have been closely associated with this book from the start, and have given expert advice at all stages, not only in the task of selecting papers and general editing, but also on innumerable detailed points. Joan Simon has given constant assistance, not least in the checking of references and the preparation of the Introduction. I am greatly indebted to all those who have shared in the work in this way.

In particular I would like to express our appreciation for the prompt and continued cooperation of Professor Smirnov and his colleagues, and to make a special acknowledgment to Cadria Sali-mova, a member of one of the Academys Institutes, who assisted me in the U.S.S.R., and has helped the production of this book in ways too numerous to mention. The Society for Cultural Relations with the U.S.S.R. also put its facilities at my disposal. Finally, Professor W.J.H. Sprott not only encouraged this publication at the outset, but has also followed its progress and given valuable advice.

It remains to add that the transliteration of Russian names used is that adopted by the British Museum. they are noted in the text by figures in brackets [20:200], the first of which denotes the number of the volume concerned in the list of references, the second the page number in that volume.

There is one point about translation which should be noted at the outset. After much deliberation, I have adopted, for the Russian words psikhika (noun) andpsikhicheskii (adjective), the terms psyche and psychic These words could almost equally well be rendered as the more familiar mind and mental. But there are two other adjec-tives, umstvennyi, meaning mental (intellectual), and myslennyi, meaning mental (thinking). These words have been translated as mental throughout. The Russian noun um, mind, however, is not used by Soviet psychologists. It seemed best, therefore, to preserve the literal translations, which have been used elsewhere, for instance, in the translations of Pavlovs works, and of other papers by Soviet psychologists.

BRIAN SIMON.

April 1956

With two exceptions; for bl, y is used (as by the American Library of Congress) instead of ui, since this is more generally accepted. Y is also used instead of i (H) at the end of proper names, for the same reason.

Professor Lurias article, printed as Appendix I, arrived too late for inclusion in this system. His Russian references are to be found in the notes to his article.

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