Joseph Fewsmith - Dilemmas of Reform in China: Political Conflict and Economic Debate

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Dilemmas of
Reform in China

Joe Fewsmith has given us the definitive study of economic reform policy debates of the 1980s that set the agenda for the politics of the 1990s. He has also given us much more. Through wide-ranging interviews with many of the key economic advisors, and comprehensive and painstaking analysis of the documents of the time, he has opened a window into the basic nature of prevailing Chinese elite politics. His introduction and conclusion highlight both the irreversible shift to economic performance as the basis of regime legitimacy, and also explain why and how personalistic power struggle at the top still inhibits the politics of compromise essential to steady and sure modernization in China.

Carol Lee Hamrin,
The Johns Hopkins University

Professor Fewsmiths fine-grained analysis of the politics of the reform era cogently interweaves economic policy disagreements with struggles over political power. The book both provides fresh insights into the substantive debates over economic reform and also shows how the workings of the political system itselfthe structure of power, roles of bureaucracies, and evolving state/society relationshave affected the major outcomes. Professor Fewsmith on balance focuses attention heavily on the apex of the system where, he argues, the spotlight should focus in a book that seeks to understand Chinas zigzag path to reform since 1978. This book is wide ranging and compelling. It considerably enhances our understanding of economic reform debates and politics in China.

Kenneth Lieberthal,
University of Michigan

SOCIALISM AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Series Editor: Mark Selden

DILEMMAS OF REFORM IN CHINA
Political Conflict and Economic Debate
Joseph Fewsmith

BUKHARIN IN RETROSPECT
Edited by Theodor Bergmann, Gert Schaefer, and Mark Selden Introduction by Moshe Lewin

REINVENTING REVOLUTION
New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India
Gail Omvedt

CHINAS TRANSITION FROM SOCIALISM
Statist Legacies and Market Reform, 1980-1990
Dorothy J. Solinger

THE HIGHLANDERS OF CENTRAL CHINA
A History, 1895-1937
Jerome Chen

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CHINESE DEVELOPMENT
Mark Selden

THE CHINESE STATE IN THE ERA OF ECONOMIC REFORM
Edited by Gordon White

MARXISM AND THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE
Issues in Contemporary Chinese Socialism
Edited by Arlif Dirlik and Maurice Meisner

STALINISM AND THE SEEDS OF SOVIET REFORM
The Debates of the 1960s
Moshe Lewin

Socialism and Social Movements

Dilemmas of
Reform in China

Political Conflict and Economic Debate

JOSEPH FEWSMITH

First published 1994 by M.E. Sharpe

Published 2015 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1994 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fewsmith, Joseph, 1949
Dilemmas of reform in China: political conflict and
economic debate / Joseph Fewsmith
p. cm.(Socialism and social movements)
An East Gate book.
ISBN 156324327X.ISBN 1563243288
1. ChinaEconomic policy19762. ChinaEconomic
conditions19763. China:Politics and government1976
I. Title. II. Series.
HC427.92.F49 1944
338.951dc20
93[34487
CIP

ISBN 13: 9781563243288 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9781563243271 (hbk)

For Irene

Contents

Chapter

Writing a book of this sort is inevitably a collaborative effort, and one of the pleasures of finishing such a work is the opportunity to acknowledge in some small way those who have provided so much help. Those who read this volume will recognize the very great intellectual debt that I continue to owe Tang Tsou, my mentor some years ago at the University of Chicago. It is perhaps with some chagrin that I note that his influence on my thinking has grown over the years since I have left his tutelage, though those who know Professor Tsous work will understand why I and others return to it periodically for inspiration.

Over the years I have honed my understanding of Chinese politics, and discovered the limits of my knowledge, in countless conversations with Cliff Edmunds, Carol Hamrin, H. Lyman Miller, and Terry Weidner. I have also benefited greatly from discussions with Gary Zou, with whom I have collaborated on Chinese Economic Studies.

The writing of this book began with a two-month stay in the fall of 1990 as a Visiting Scholar at the University of Michigans Center for Chinese Studies, where Michel Oksenberg, Kenneth Lieberthal, Robert Dernberger, and others provided a warm and intellectually stimulating atmosphere that was conducive to research and writing.

I have also benefited greatly by participation in two conferences, that on The State Council and Economic Development, sponsored by The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and the U.S. Department of State, in Washington, DC, October 2425, 1991; and that on Leaders, Institutions and Politics in the Peoples Republic of China, sponsored by The Center for Modern China, in La Jolla, California, August 2830, 1992.

Over the years, this book has benefited tremendously from the insights provided by numerous Chinese scholars. For reasons that readers will understand, these contributions are recognized in the footnotes simply as authors interviews. Though they deserve much more, here I will simply say thanks. In addition, Nancy Hearst of the Fairbank Center at Harvard University has been extraordinarily helpful in locating important sources.

As this project neared completion, I have received particularly extensive comments from Jean Oi and Mark Selden. In addition, Corrina-Barbara Francis Edward Friedman, Nina Halpern, Gwendolyn Stewart, Edwin Winkler, Brantly Womack, and Zhao Suisheng have provided valuable comments on parts of the manuscript. If I have not always responded adequately to their comments, the book is nevertheless a better product for their raising of important issues.

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