Michael K. Brett-Surman - The Complete Dinosaur

The Complete Dinosaur

The editors offer special thanks to Jim Whitcraft for creating the illustrations that appear on the opening page of each chapter.

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Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The complete dinosaur / edited by M. K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., and James O. Farlow ; Bob Walters, art director. 2nd ed.

p. cm. (Life of the past)

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-253-35701-4 (cl : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-253-00849-7 (ebook) 1. Dinosaurs. I. Brett-Surman, M. K., [date]- II. Holtz, Thomas R., [date]- III. Farlow, James Orville [date].

QE862.D5C697 2012

567.9 dc23

2011050297

1 2 3 4 5 17 16 15 14 13 12

This second edition is dedicated to our colleagues, and our friends:

Halszka Osmlska

John H. Ostrom

John S. McIntosh

W. A. S. Sarjeant

Edwin Colbert

Tobe Wilkins

Jim Adams

Robin Reid

Donna Engard

Thomas Jericho

You advanced our science. You made a difference.

The editors wish to thank the staff at Indiana University Press for their hard work and dedication, which allowed our opusaurus to be born after a ten-year gestation.

David A. E. Spalding and William A. S. Sarjeant

Hugh S. Torrens

Hans-Dieter Sues

Edwin H. Colbert, David D. Gillette, and Ralph E. Molnar

Corwin Sullivan, David W. E. Hone, and Xing Xu

Thomas R. Holtz Jr.

David D. Gillette

Thomas R. Holtz Jr. and M. K. Brett-Surman

David W. Dilkes, John R. Hutchinson, Casey M. Holliday, and Lawrence M. Witmer

Emily Buchholtz

Thomas R. Holtz Jr. and M. K. Brett-Surman

James I. Kirkland and James O. Farlow

Ralph E. Chapman, Art Andersen, Brent H. Breithaupt, and Neffra A. Matthews

Mary Higby Schweitzer and Mark Marshall

Kenneth Carpenter

Douglas Henderson

J. Michael Parrish

Michael J. Benton

Thomas R. Holtz Jr.

Darren Naish

Adam M. Yates

Jeffrey A. Wilson and Kristina Curry Rogers

Peter M. Galton

Kenneth Carpenter

Peter Makovicky

Richard J. Butler and Paul M. Barrett

Bruce H. Tiffney

Karen Chin

Terry D. Jones and Nicholas R. Geist

Darla K. Zelenitsky, John R. Horner, and Franois Therrien

R. E. H. Reid (with introductory note by Gregory M. Erickson)

Donald Henderson

Elizabeth Rega

James O. Farlow, Ralph E. Chapman, Brent Breithaupt, and Neffra Matthews

Kenneth J. McNamara and John A. Long

John A. Ruben, Terry D. Jones, Nicholas R. Geist, Willem J. Hillenius, Amy E. Harwell, and Devon E. Quick

Gregory S. Paul

R. E. H. Reid

Ralph E. Molnar

Nicholas C. Fraser

Hans-Dieter Sues

Matthew T. Carrano

J. David Archibald

Daniel J. Chure

Kevin Padian and Elisabeth K. Burton

In April 1842, Richard Owen coined the term Dinosauria in a footnote on page 103 of his Report on British Fossil Reptiles, and defined this new name as meaning fearfully great, a lizard. Since that time the name has always, incorrectly, been translated as terrible lizard. How did this etymological and aesthetic error occur? Modern dictionaries always give the meaning of deinos as terrible. This is correct, if one uses the word as an adjective but Owen used the superlative form of deinos, just as did Homer in the Iliad. A check of a GreekEnglish lexicon from Owens time will confirm this (Donnegan 1832). Dinosaurs are not lizards, nor are they terrible. They are, instead, the worlds most famous living superlative.

J.O.F. and M.K.B.-S.

Farlow, J. O., and M. K. Brett-Surman. 1997. The Complete Dinosaur. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Donnegan, J., MD. 1832. A New Greek and English Lexicon: Principally on the Plan of the Greek and German Lexicon of Schneider. First American edition from the second London edition, revised and enlarged by R. B. Patton. Boston: Hilliard, Gray.

Owen, R. 1842. Report on British Fossil Reptiles. Part II. Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1841: 60204.

Art Andersen Virtual Surfaces, Inc., 832 East Rand Road, Suite 16, Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 USA

J. David Archibald Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614 USA

Paul M. Barrett Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK

Michael J. Benton School of Earth Sciences, Wills Memorial Building, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK

Brent H. Breithaupt Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office, P.O. Box 1828, Cheyenne, WY 82003 USA

Michael K. Brett-Surman Museum Specialist for Fossil Reptiles and Amphibians, National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 USA

Emily Buchholtz Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley Hills, MA 02481-8203 USA

Elisabeth K. Burton Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

Richard J. Butler Bayerische Staatssammlung fr Palontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany

Kenneth Carpenter Prehistoric Museum, Utah State University Eastern, 155 E Main Street, Price, UT 84501 USA

Matthew T. Carrano Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA

Ralph E. Chapman New Mexico Virtualization, LLC, 102 El Morro Street, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA

Karen Chin Department of Geological Sciences and University of Colorado Museum, UCB 265, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2200 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309-0399 USA

Daniel J. Chure Dinosaur National Monument, Box 92, Jensen, UT 84035 USA

Edwin H. Colbert (19052001) led fossil-collecting expeditions to all parts of the globe and published many books and articles about dinosaurs and other extinct vertebrates, including