The Complete Dinosaur
The editors offer special thanks to Jim Whitcraft for creating the illustrations that appear on the opening page of each chapter.
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Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The complete dinosaur / edited by M. K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., and James O. Farlow ; Bob Walters, art director. 2nd ed.
p. cm. (Life of the past)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-253-35701-4 (cl : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-253-00849-7 (ebook) 1. Dinosaurs. I. Brett-Surman, M. K., [date]- II. Holtz, Thomas R., [date]- III. Farlow, James Orville [date].
QE862.D5C697 2012
567.9 dc23
2011050297
1 2 3 4 5 17 16 15 14 13 12
This second edition is dedicated to our colleagues, and our friends:
Halszka Osmlska
John H. Ostrom
John S. McIntosh
W. A. S. Sarjeant
Edwin Colbert
Tobe Wilkins
Jim Adams
Robin Reid
Donna Engard
Thomas Jericho
You advanced our science. You made a difference.
The editors wish to thank the staff at Indiana University Press for their hard work and dedication, which allowed our opusaurus to be born after a ten-year gestation.
Contents
David A. E. Spalding and William A. S. Sarjeant
Hugh S. Torrens
Hans-Dieter Sues
Edwin H. Colbert, David D. Gillette, and Ralph E. Molnar
Corwin Sullivan, David W. E. Hone, and Xing Xu
Thomas R. Holtz Jr.
David D. Gillette
Thomas R. Holtz Jr. and M. K. Brett-Surman
David W. Dilkes, John R. Hutchinson, Casey M. Holliday, and Lawrence M. Witmer
Emily Buchholtz
Thomas R. Holtz Jr. and M. K. Brett-Surman
James I. Kirkland and James O. Farlow
Ralph E. Chapman, Art Andersen, Brent H. Breithaupt, and Neffra A. Matthews
Mary Higby Schweitzer and Mark Marshall
Kenneth Carpenter
Douglas Henderson
J. Michael Parrish
Michael J. Benton
Thomas R. Holtz Jr.
Darren Naish
Adam M. Yates
Jeffrey A. Wilson and Kristina Curry Rogers
Peter M. Galton
Kenneth Carpenter
Peter Makovicky
Richard J. Butler and Paul M. Barrett
Bruce H. Tiffney
Karen Chin
Terry D. Jones and Nicholas R. Geist
Darla K. Zelenitsky, John R. Horner, and Franois Therrien
R. E. H. Reid (with introductory note by Gregory M. Erickson)
Donald Henderson
Elizabeth Rega
James O. Farlow, Ralph E. Chapman, Brent Breithaupt, and Neffra Matthews
Kenneth J. McNamara and John A. Long
John A. Ruben, Terry D. Jones, Nicholas R. Geist, Willem J. Hillenius, Amy E. Harwell, and Devon E. Quick
Gregory S. Paul
R. E. H. Reid
Ralph E. Molnar
Nicholas C. Fraser
Hans-Dieter Sues
Matthew T. Carrano
J. David Archibald
Daniel J. Chure
Kevin Padian and Elisabeth K. Burton
D
Dinosauria
In April 1842, Richard Owen coined the term Dinosauria in a footnote on page 103 of his Report on British Fossil Reptiles, and defined this new name as meaning fearfully great, a lizard. Since that time the name has always, incorrectly, been translated as terrible lizard. How did this etymological and aesthetic error occur? Modern dictionaries always give the meaning of deinos as terrible. This is correct, if one uses the word as an adjective but Owen used the superlative form of deinos, just as did Homer in the Iliad. A check of a GreekEnglish lexicon from Owens time will confirm this (Donnegan 1832). Dinosaurs are not lizards, nor are they terrible. They are, instead, the worlds most famous living superlative.
J.O.F. and M.K.B.-S.
References
Farlow, J. O., and M. K. Brett-Surman. 1997. The Complete Dinosaur. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Donnegan, J., MD. 1832. A New Greek and English Lexicon: Principally on the Plan of the Greek and German Lexicon of Schneider. First American edition from the second London edition, revised and enlarged by R. B. Patton. Boston: Hilliard, Gray.
Owen, R. 1842. Report on British Fossil Reptiles. Part II. Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1841: 60204.
C
Contributors
Art Andersen Virtual Surfaces, Inc., 832 East Rand Road, Suite 16, Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 USA
J. David Archibald Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614 USA
Paul M. Barrett Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
Michael J. Benton School of Earth Sciences, Wills Memorial Building, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
Brent H. Breithaupt Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office, P.O. Box 1828, Cheyenne, WY 82003 USA
Michael K. Brett-Surman Museum Specialist for Fossil Reptiles and Amphibians, National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 USA
Emily Buchholtz Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley Hills, MA 02481-8203 USA
Elisabeth K. Burton Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Richard J. Butler Bayerische Staatssammlung fr Palontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
Kenneth Carpenter Prehistoric Museum, Utah State University Eastern, 155 E Main Street, Price, UT 84501 USA
Matthew T. Carrano Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
Ralph E. Chapman New Mexico Virtualization, LLC, 102 El Morro Street, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA
Karen Chin Department of Geological Sciences and University of Colorado Museum, UCB 265, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2200 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309-0399 USA
Daniel J. Chure Dinosaur National Monument, Box 92, Jensen, UT 84035 USA
Edwin H. Colbert (19052001) led fossil-collecting expeditions to all parts of the globe and published many books and articles about dinosaurs and other extinct vertebrates, including