William J. OBrien - Dental Materials and Their Selection, Fourth Edition

Dental Materials and Their Selection

Fourth Edition

Fourth Edition

Edited by

William J. OBrien, PhD, FADM

Professor, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences
Director, Dental Materials Laboratory
School of Dentistry
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

This book is not for patient use. The material presented herein is intended for use by professionals only. Patients should contact their personal dentist to discuss their treatment options.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Dental materials and their selection / [edited by] William J. OBrien. --4th ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-86715-437-5 (hardcover)

1. Dental materials. I. OBrien, William J. (William Joseph), 1940-[DNLM: 1. Dental Materials. WU 190 D4152 2008]

RK652.5.D454 2008

617.695--dc22

2008014998

2008 Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc

Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc

4350 Chandler Drive

Hanover Park, IL 60133

www.quintpub.com

All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.

Editor: Bryn Goates

Design: Annette McQuade

Production: Sue Robinson

Printed in Canada

This fourth edition of Dental Materials and Their Selection continues the objective of presenting a concise consensus of information on basic and applied dental materials. This text is envisioned as a review of basic principles and an update on current dental products for predoctoral and graduate dental students along with dental practitioners, dental hygienists, and dental technicians. Keeping this text comprehensive yet concise is a challenge. The field of dental materials has grown significantly, but the time available for teaching and studying this subject has not. Therefore, the approach maintained since the very first edition of this book has been to stress basic principles and limit the coverage of historic techniques and materials in order to keep the size of the book relatively constant.

The main purpose of this fourth edition is to update chapters, especially on the following topics: color and appearance, surface phenomena and adhesion to tooth structure, polymeric restorative materials, dental amalgams, dental porcelains, orthodontic wires, and implant and bone augmentation materials. This edition also includes updated references and revision of some clinical decision scenarios. I welcome and appreciate comments on the technical coverage and educational application of this edition.

I would like to thank the many people who, in addition to the contributors, have made this fourth edition possible: Elizabeth Rodriguiz for her invaluable efforts in manuscript preparation, Chris Jung for his excellent illustrations (especially Fig 3-19), and Dr Sumant Ram for his indispensable assistance. I would also like to welcome Drs Joseph B. Dennison and Peter X. Ma as authors in this fourth edition with their contributions on polymeric restorative materials and polymers and polymerization, respectively. Several contributors to the third edition are also recognized for their valuable contributions: Dr Raymond L. Bertolotti, Dr Gerald N. Glickman, Dr Eugene F. Huget, Dr Ann-Marie L. Neme, and Dr Denis C. Smith. Finally, I want to acknowledge the staff at Quintessence for their expert assistance in preparing this book for publication.

Kenzo Asaoka, BS, PhD, FADM

Professor

Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering

Institute of Health Biosciences

The University of Tokushima Graduate School

Tokushima, Japan

Ch 19 High-Temperature Investments

William A. Brantley, PhD

Professor

Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry

College of Dentistry

Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio

Ch 21 Orthodontic Wires

Joseph B. Dennison, DDS, MS

Marcus L. Ward Professor

Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics

School of Dentistry

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Ch 8 Polymeric Restorative Materials

Richard G. Earnshaw, PhD, MDSc

Professor Emeritus

Faculty of Dentistry

University of Sydney

Sydney, Australia

Ch 4 Gypsum Products

Ibrahim Jarjoura, DDS, MS

Private Practice

Grand Blanc, Michigan

Ch 9 Dental Cements

David H. Kohn, PhD

Professor

Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences

School of Dentistry

Department of Biomedical Engineering

College of Engineering

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Ch 23 Implant and Bone Augmentation Materials

Peter X. Ma, MS, PhD

Professor

Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences

School of Dentistry

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Ch 6 Polymers and Polymerization

J. Rodway Mackert, Jr, DMD, PhD

Professor of Dental Materials

Department of Oral Rehabilitation

School of Dentistry

Medical College of Georgia

Augusta, Georgia

Ch 1 A Comparison of Metals, Ceramics, and Polymers

Ch 2 Physical Properties and Biocompatibility

Peter C. Moon, MS, PhD

Professor of General Practice

School of Dentistry

Medical College of Virginia

Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond, Virginia

Ch 11 Structure and Properties of Metals and Alloys

Osamu Okuno, PhD

Professor

Division of Dental Biomaterials

Graduate School of Dentistry

Tohoku University

Sendai, Japan

Ch 19 High-Temperature Investments

Kenneth W. Stoffers, DMD, MS

Clinical Associate Professor

Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics

School of Dentistry

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Clinical Decision-Making Scenarios

John A. Tesk, BS, MS, PhD, FADM

Biomedical Materials and Devices Consultant

Highland, Maryland

Ch 19 High-Temperature Investments

Dental materials textbooks have evolved significantly over the past century. An early textbook on dental materials provided recipes for a handful of materials (three cements, amalgam alloys, gold foil, vulcanized rubber, and gold casting materials) and emphasized formulation, techniques, and crude testing. Then came the research and development period, when dental materials properties were optimized by the dentist according to the results of laboratory testing and the American Dental Association (ADA) standards were developed. Dental materials have been further refined to offer simpler techniques for clinicians and to meet the increasing esthetic demands of middle-class patients in developed countries.

Another dimension to proliferation is the large number of products and techniques available for each type of material, which only intensifies the need for clinicians to stay current with the literature. To ease this burden, publications such as Clinical Research Associates Newsletter, Dental Advisor, and Reality