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Art Shaw - 82 Days on Okinawa: One Americans Unforgettable Firsthand Account of the Pacific Wars Greatest Battle

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Art Shaw 82 Days on Okinawa: One Americans Unforgettable Firsthand Account of the Pacific Wars Greatest Battle
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82 Days on Okinawa: One Americans Unforgettable Firsthand Account of the Pacific Wars Greatest Battle: summary, description and annotation

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A gritty, first-person account. ... One can hear Shaws voice as if he were sitting beside you. Wall Street Journal

An unforgettable soldiers-eye view of the Pacific Wars bloodiest battle, by the first American officer ashore Okinawa.

On Easter Sunday, April 1, 1945, 1.5 million men gathered aboard 1,500 Allied ships off the coast of the Japanese island of Okinawa. The men were there to launch the largest amphibious assault on the Pacific Theater. War planners expected an 80 percent casualty rate.

The first American officer ashore was then-Major Art Shaw (1920-2020), a unit commander in the U.S. Armys 361st Field Artillery Battalion of the 96th Infantry Division, nicknamed the Deadeyes. For the next three months, Shaw and his men served near the front lines of the Pacifics costliest battle, their artillery proving decisive against a phantom enemy who had entrenched itself in the rugged, craggy island.

Over eighty-two days, the Allies fought the Japanese army in a campaign that would claim more than 150,000 human lives. When the final calculations were made, the Deadeyes were estimated to have killed 37,763 of the enemy. The 361st Field Artillery Battalion had played a crucial role in the victory. The campaign would be the last major battle of World War II and a key pivot point leading to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and to the Japanese surrender in August, two months after the sieges end.

Filled with extraordinary details, Shaws gripping account gives lasting testimony to the courage and bravery displayed by so many on the hills of Okinawa.

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For the brave men and women who laid down their
lives in World War II with courage and honor. Their
valor still challenges us even to this hour.
Contents
The S - photo 1
The Shaw family Courtesy of the author When we began this manuscript - photo 2
The Shaw family Courtesy of the author When we began this manuscript - photo 3
The Shaw family Courtesy of the author When we began this manuscript - photo 4
The Shaw family. Courtesy of the author
When we began this manuscript, Colonel Arthur Shaw had just turned ninety-seven. His memory remained as sharp as ever. With his faithful companion and friend, his boxer dog Dexter, we unfolded the story he had packed away with no intention of ever visiting again. To remember the unspeakable remains an act of courage.
Some of the names of soldiers had slipped away and had to be replaced with pseudonyms. Consequently, some of the characters here will never be found on a roster of the Ninety-Sixth Infantry Division. Other names were changed for the sake of families. While some of the dialogue is imagined, the events occurred as described.
We thank Susan Conway for her assistance in working with the manuscript and her most helpful suggestions. Her family knew well the cost of war.
SEPTEMBER 1944
Somehow or the other, the rumor had leaked out that the entire division was going to Yap.
Yap? I said. Where in Gods name is Yap?
The soldier with the Intelligence unit whispered so softly I almost couldnt understand him. Major Shaw, Yap is on an island called Leyte about a thousand miles east of the Philippines.
Youre kidding! I know my voice sounded somewhat indignant.
I dont know for sure, Major Shaw. Hell, Yap may be an island by itself. Cant tell. Never heard of any of these places.
I looked at him skeptically. Could we end up on Leyte?
The lieutenant shrugged. Who can say? This I know for sure. Keep your helmet fastened tight, soldier, cause were all headed for a big-time showdown.
And youre wondering where Yap is. Well, I never got there. Turned out we ended up on Leyte, which had become the center of the struggle as the war was winding down and the Japanese sun began fading into the darkness of a night of defeat. The island of Yap was bypassed. We soon found out that Leyte had good beaches for landing, but our vehicles plunged into the ominous swamps that were everywhere just beyond the beaches. The thick, sticky mud could stop a truck in its tracks. A musty, tropical smell hung in the air along with the muggy humidity. Anyone without vaccinations might well have ended up in the hospital with malaria. Tall grass standing six to eight feet high covered the interior of the island. You could get lost in that turf before you even knew what happened to you. Careful attention was essential. Most of the soldiers had never seen anything like this isthmus, but we knew the Japanese were certainly out there somewhere.
After we landed, I didnt think much about Yap or Leyte or anywhere else. I was hunkered down in a foxhole while Japanese Kawasaki Ki-102s and Ki-61 Heins strafed Leyte and made any previous conversations seem like theyd happened decades ago. The command told the boys not to shoot at the Japanese fighter planes when they flew over, but no one in this war was going to pay attention to that nonsense. After all, the Japanese were trying to kill us!
A thunderous explosion sprayed dirt in my face. The smell of gunpowder and smoke filled my nose. One of those Zeros had caught it from our boys. An airplane had crashed close to the beach, causing the ground to shake.
How do you handle a catastrophe like that? Many of us had only been farm boys before the war. A few had been merchants, clerks, or schoolteachers. Our families barely survived the Great Depression. After Pearl Harbor, we had marched off to make the Empire of the Sun pay for their cowardly attack on our unsuspecting ships. Most of us were just kids trying to do our patriotic duty without any idea of how devastating, deadly, and dastardly the war really would turn out to be. But we were finding out fast.
I grabbed my helmet and pushed it down tight. Machine-gun fire had opened up somewhere out there. Maybe it wasnt aimed my way. Maybe it was. I ducked.
Major! A voice yelled from out of the dense tropical forest. Major Shaw! Need a medic. Got a man down.
I started crawling across the open space toward the bushes. Gunfire sent me rolling over on my back. Medic! I hollered. Somebody get me a medic!
Im one! a soldier hollered back from somewhere in the thick jungle bush.
Get the hell over there in the trees. North of you. Got a soldier down.
Yes, sir. Im on my way.
An explosion made the ground shake again. Scare me? Are you kidding? Frightened me to death! But by the time we landed on Leyte and settled into the bloody conflict, I already expected to be terrified when I went to sleep at night and to wake up mortified in the morning. Just the nature of war.
My outfit, the 361st Field Artillery Battalion, could pump 105-millimeter howitzer shells at high and low angles so fast that the Japanese thought we had automatic weapons. The cannon had a good compromise between range and destructive power. A single caliber simplified logistics. Most of the time we were no more than a thousand yards behind the infantry, firing over them like crazy. The battles raged with a ferocity that could leave you deaf or delirious.
Sometimes we called them Japanese, but mostly we labeled them imperial forces, enemy, and a couple hundred obscenities. By the time we landed on Leyte, we knew the enemys tactics well enough. They lived off the land. The war roared on somewhere far on the other side of grotesque and obscene. Most of the enemy troops didnt survive. Their live troops were so scarce that our higher-ups offered a bottle of whiskey for any Japanese soldiers brought in alive. The few that were found usually looked like a truck had run over them several times.
The abrupt roar of a Japanese fighter plane caused me to hit the foxhole again. Rapid machine-gun fire sent everybody plunging back into the ditches. Some of the men stood up and fired rifles as well as machine guns at the airplane circling overhead. Once again, the acid smell of gun smoke filled my nose.
A captain named William Carpenter jumped in my foxhole. Major Shaw, the report that we got says that the Japanese Navy is going to circle the island with their big guns aimed right at us. If they get through and open up, we could all be hamburger. Get the picture?
I nodded. What are we up against?
The captains voice lowered. We think theres at least twenty-five thousand Japanese in the area with a hundred seventy-five fighter planes and thirty bombers. If they get their navy turned around the tip of the island, were looking at big trouble.
I got the picture.
Weve got several other batteries firing heavy artillery at them. I understand that Admiral Halsey is deeply concerned. The captain peeked over the top. I know one of our fighters was shot down. The pilot killed. He shook his head, jumped out, and took off running back into the trees. Keep firing!
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