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George Bent - Life of George Bent written from his letters

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    Life of George Bent written from his letters
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George Bent, the son of William Bent, one of the founders of Bents Fort on the Arkansas near present La Junta, Colorado, and Owl Woman, a Cheyenne, began exchanging letters in 1905 with George E. Hyde of Omaha concerning life at the fort, his experiences with his Cheyenne kinsmen, and the events which finally led to the military suppression of the Indians on the southern Great Plains. This correspondence, which continued to the eve of Bents death in 19 18, is the source of the narrative here published, the narrator being Bent himself.Nearly thirty-eight years have elapsed since the day in 1930 when Mr. Hyde found it impossible to market the finished manuscript of the Bent life down to 1866. (The Depression had set in some months before.) He accordingly sold that portion of the manuscript to the Denver Public Library, retaining his working copy, which carries down to 1875. The account therefore embraces the most stirring period, not only of Bents own life, but of life on the Plains and into the Rockies. It has never before been published.It is not often that an eyewitness of great events in the West tells his own story. But Bents narrative, aside from the extent of its chronology (1826 to 1875), has very special significance as an inside view of Cheyenne life and action after the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864, which cost so many of the lives of Bents friends and relatives. It is hardly probable that we shall achieve a more authentic view of what happened, as the Cheyennes, Arapahos, and Sioux saw it.

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title Life of George Bent Written From His Letters author Bent - photo 1

title:Life of George Bent Written From His Letters
author:Bent, George.; Hyde, George E.
publisher:University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin:0806115777
print isbn13:9780806115771
ebook isbn13:9780585198644
language:English
subjectCheyenne Indians--Wars. [from old catalog]
publication date:1968
lcc:E99.C53B44eb
ddc:978.004/973
subject:Cheyenne Indians--Wars. [from old catalog]
Page iii
Life of George Bent
Written from His Letters
By George E. Hyde
Edited by Savoie Lottinville
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS : NORMAN AND LONDON
Page iv
BOOKS BY GEORGE E. HYDE
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS
Red Cloud's Folk: A History of the Oglala Sioux Indians (1937, 1957)
A Sioux Chronicle (1956)
Indians of the High Plains: From the Prehistoric Period
to the Coming of Europeans
(1959)
Spotted Tail's Folk: A History of the Brul Sioux Indians (1961)
Indians of the Woodlands: From Prehistoric Times to 1725 (1962)
Life of George Bent Written from His Letters (1968)
The Pawnee Indians (1974)

Dedicated to My Good Friend
Savoie Lottinville
Who Helped Me Reassemble The Life of George Bent

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 67-15574
ISBN: 0-8061-1577-7
Copyright 1968 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Page v
Introduction
This book was written fifty years ago from the letters of George Bent to George E. Hyde. The coming of the first World War made it impossible to find a publisher, and the manuscript was put away in a box and forgotten. It turned up in the attic two years ago. Its quality was obvious. The Bent material was well worth publishing, but the manuscript needed work to put it in shape. It was then found that a better manuscript had been acquired by the Denver Public Library, through whose friendly co-operation this copy was made available and has been used in the making of the present version, down to the point where my older and longer working copy extended the chronology.
George Bent was the half-blood son of Colonel William Bent, who, with his brother Charles, owned and operated Bent's Fort on the Upper Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado. Bent's mother was Owl Woman, the daughter of White Thunder, who was keeper of the Medicine Arrows and, in effect, was the high priest of the Southern Cheyennes and in some ways more important than any of the chiefs. He was killed in the battle with the Kiowas at Wolf Creek, in what is now northwestern Oklahoma, in 1838.
The Bent brothers began to trade with the Indians in Dakota in the early 1820's. They then decided to shift their operations to the Upper Arkansas, this river then being the boundary between the United States and Mexico. In 1828 or 1829, the Bent brothers built Bent's Fort on the north side of the Arkansas, near the present town of La
Page vi
Junta, Bent County, Colorado.1 The place was a big one, built in the Mexican style with adobe bricks. It had all of the Indian trade from north and south of the Arkansas, and also a big trade with the Mexicans at Taos and Santa Fe. The fort employed from eighty to one hundred men, many Americans but more Mexicans. It was here in the old fort that George Bent and his younger brother, Charles, were born and brought up.
By 1849, the Indian trade and the trade with American beaver trappers was much less profitable. Charles Bent, the elder, was dead, and his brother William blew up the old fort. He built another (smaller one) which was called Bent's New Fort. He sent his two sons, George and Charles, to school in Missouri; and then the gold rush to Colorado filled the country with a rough American population, mainly men, and William Bent sold his fort to the War Department, which renamed it Fort Lyon. Bent established a ranch near the post and lived there. He was for a time agent for the tribes on the Upper Arkansas.
The Civil War now broke out, and George Bent and many of the boys at his academy in Missouri enlisted in the Confederate Army. I do not remember what Charlie Bent did. By the time he had gone through the savage Battle of Pea Ridge, George Bent had had enough of the white man's methods of making war. General Sterling Price's army was breaking up, the men leaving.
George Bent returned to western Missouri, joined a wagon train headed west, and went to his father's ranch near Fort Lyon. His brother Charlie also went there. The white men of Colorado were mainly violent partisans of the Union cause; they termed the Bent boys renegades and threatened to kill them on sight. I believe that William Bent advised the boys to join a camp of their mother's people, the Southern Cheyennes, for safety, and this they did. This
Picture 2Picture 3
1 Charles and William Bent were closely associated with Ceran St. Vrain, who, as a member of the firm of Bent, St. Vrain and Company, must also be credited with the creation of Bent's Fort, as will appear in succeeding chapters. The dates for the construction of the fort are given in footnote 7, Chapter 3, infra.S.L.
Page vii
was in 1863, and soon after the Bent brothers joined the Cheyennes a violent Indian war was started in the Plains. The Bents found themselves cut off from the world of white civilization. They became separated, George going north with the main hostile camps, Charlie remaining in the Kansas plains with another camp.
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