Kathryn Gabriel - Roads to center place: a cultural atlas of Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi

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title	:	Roads to Center Place : A Cultural Atlas of Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi
author	:	Gabriel, Kathryn.
publisher	:	Johnson Books
isbn10 | asin	:	1555660797
print isbn13	:	9781555660796
ebook isbn13	:	9780585019659
language	:	English
subject	Indian roads--New Mexico--Chaco Canyon Region, Pueblo astronomy, Pueblo Indians--Antiquities, Chaco Canyon (N.M.)--Antiquities, Southwest, New--Antiquities.
publication date	:	1991
lcc	:	E99.P9G32 1991eb
ddc	:	388.1/09789/82
subject	:	Indian roads--New Mexico--Chaco Canyon Region, Pueblo astronomy, Pueblo Indians--Antiquities, Chaco Canyon (N.M.)--Antiquities, Southwest, New--Antiquities.

ROADS TO CENTER PLACE A Cultural Atlas of Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi KATHRYN GABRIEL Johnson Books: Boulder

For my husband, David Loving In memory of Ed Pino of Zia Pueblo 1991 by Kathryn Gabriel Second Printing Cover design by Molly Davis Cover photo by Michael Mouchette Photographs by the author unless otherwise noted Drawings by W.J. Underwood unless otherwise noted Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gabriel, Kathryn. Roads to center place: a cultural atlas of Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi Kathryn Gabriel.1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographic references and index. ISBN 1-55566-079-7 1. Pueblo IndiansRoads. 2. Pueblo IndiansAstronomy. 3. Pueblo IndiansAntiquities. 4. Chaco Canyon (N.M.)Antiquities. 5. Southwest, NewAntiquities. I. Title. E99.P9G32 1991 91-12348 388.1'09789'82dc20 CIP Printed in the United States of America by Johnson Publishing Company 1880 South 57th Court Boulder, Colorado 80301

Page iii CONTENTS Acknowledgments iv Introduction: The Center Place 1 Chapter 1. Older than the Mesa s 9 Chapter 2. Interpreting the Roads 25 Chapter 3. A Ruin with a View 45 Chapter 4. The Anasazi Corridor 59 Chapter 5. New World Archaeoastronomy 77 Chapter 6. Road Cosmology 105 Chapter 7. The Pochteca Trail 124 Chapter 8. Traveling the Straight Road 154 Chapter 9. The Road Engineers 184 Chapter 10. Returned to Sender 204 Chapter 11. Discovering the Roads 208 Chapter 12. The Anasazi Atlas 226 Bibliography 283 Index 293

Page iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much appreciation to John Roney, Myrna Fink, and Alan Hoffmeister of the Bureau of Land Management for their generous assistance with materials. Without them, this book would not have been possible. Special thanks to Thomas W. Windes and Frances Joan Mathien of the National Park Service; to David E. Doyel for technical advice; to my editor Rebecca Herr for keeping me honest; and to Alice and Robert Gabriel and Sharon Niederman for their support.

Page 1 INTRODUCTION THE CENTER PLACE IN THE BEGINNING, THE GRANDMOTHER, SPIDER WOMAN, created the world, the sun, the stars, and the People. She coaxed First People to climb the bough ladder from the underworld through the sipapu, the gateway, to come out standing and admire her good work. Then she told First People to find the itiwanna, the center place. Reclining on the ground, she rested her head on Serpent Hill and stretched her extremities equidistance to the four horizons, making her heart the center place. The canyon became her birth canal through which were born the clans who served her. Their majestic great houses were built along her spinal cord. Her arteries became their holy roads. The rain that fell on the crops planted in her womb proved the right actions and good thoughts of the First People. All traveled to the place of emergence to build sacred houses with the clans. Such was the ianyi, the power of Center Place. Within the human cortex crouches an impulse to build something huge. Anthropologists call that sudden urge, when acted upon, a florescence, but it is not as mundane as that. From indigenous villages and their connecting trade arteries have grown colossal monuments with paved limbs stretching across whole continents. We stand in awe of the vault in sophistication, the grace with which the architecture was constructed, the sheer tonnage of earth and stone. We are incredulous of the human capability to perform such a feat at any other time but the present. Yet the quickening has occurred more than once a millennium, and it hasn't been limited to race or geography, as if building on a grand scale is a biological tropism.

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