Makaryk Irena R. - Shakespeare and the Second World War: Memory, Culture, Identity

The Editors wish to acknowledge the financial assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, which provided major funding for Wartime Shakespeare in a Global Context/Shakespeare au temps de la guerre, an international bilingual conference that took place at the University of Ottawa in 2009. A small sampling of essays, revised and expanded from that conference, form the basis of this book. We would also like to thanks the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, and the Central Administration of the University of Ottawa for additional funding and for their enthusiastic support of this project.

The Editors wish to thank Comparative Drama for permission to reprint excerpts from Mark Bayerss The Merchant of Venice, the Arab-Israeli Conflict, and the Perils of Shakespearean Appropriation. For permission to reprint images found in Zeno Ackermanns essay, we thank Brbel Reissman, Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin; Ilse Jung, Landesmuseum fr Kultur und Geschichte Berlins, Kunsthistorische Museum (Berlin); Imagno Brandsttter Images; and sterreichisches Theater-museum, Vienna. For images accompanying Nancy Isenbergs essays, thanks to Biblioteca Museo Teatrale del Burcardo (Rome, Italy). For the photograph of her late husband, Dimitris Myrat as Othello (1942), many thanks to Voula Zouboulaki; and for the advertisement for the production, thanks to the Central Library of Aristotle University, Thes-saloniki, Greece. Images in Krystyna Kujawiska Courtneys essay are courtesy of Instytut Teatralny im Zbigniewa Raszewskiego and especially Dorota Buchwald. Illustrations in Alexander C.Y. Huangs essay appear thanks to the Peoples Government of Jiangan County, and to Zizhong Peoples Government, China. For use of the delicate images of the Osiris Players, thanks to Marie Crispin; for their reproduction, to Mary Lou White, Reprographic Supervisor, University of Winchester. For David Lows cartoon, originally published in the Evening Standard, thanks to Lorna Scott, University Archivist, University of Gloucestershire, to The Shakespeare Centre Library and Archive, and to Solo Syndication. Many thanks to Petr Pasternak for permission to reproduce the image of Boris Pasternak. All photographs in Katarzyna Kwapisz Williams essay are by Julia Sielicka-Jastrzbska; thanks to the Museum of the Warsaw Uprising for permission to reproduce them here. Our thanks go also to the Ruth Pincoe for creating the index.

This list includes productions that are referred to in the text; the relevant page numbers are given in parentheses after each entry.

Antony and Cleopatra

1940s (cancelled), Moscow Art Theatre, trans. Boris Pasternak (157)

1943, Deutsches Theater, Berlin, dir. Heinz Hilpert (206, 209)

1945, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (212)

As You Like It

ca. 191418, Kammerspiele, Munich, dir. Otto Falckenberg (24)

1939, 1940, 1942, 1944, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (21112)

1940, Berlin Staatstheater (27)

194050s, all-female adaptation, Osiris Players, England, dir. Nancy Hewins (226, 228)

1946, staging of Czesaw Mioszs translation written during the war (139n11)

Comedy of Errors

1939, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (211)

Coriolanus

1932, radio broadcast in German, trans. Hans Rothe (201)

1935, Basilica Maxentius, Rome (103n8)

1939, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, dir. Ben Iden Payne (211, 213)

Cymbeline

1930s, Kammerspiele, Munich, dir. Otto Falckenberg (25)

Hamlet

1905, Studium o Hamlecie, adaptation by Stanisaw Wyspiaski (297, 297, 304n16)

1914, Yaan Chuanju [Sichuan Opera] Theatre (196n9)

1938, Shin Tsukiji, Japan, dir. Yamakawa Kukiyo and Okakura Shir (172t)

1939, Kammerspiele, Munich, dir. Otto Falckenberg (22, 24)

1940s (cancelled), Moscow Art Theatre, trans. Boris Pasternak (148, 157)

1940s, Mannheim, Germany, Willy Birgel as Hamlet (30)

1940, 1942, 1944, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (21112)

1940, Bungaku-za, Japan, dir. Uchimura Naoya (173t)

1941, Voronezh, Soviet Union, trans. Boris Pasternak (157)

1942, National Drama School, Jingan, Sichuan Province, China, adaptation by Cao Yu, dir. Jiao Juyin; revived as Danmai wangzi Hamuleite [Danish Prince Hamlet], Chonqing, Sichuan Province (180, 182, 1834, 190)

1942, Yerevan and Novosibirsk, Soviet Union, trans. Boris Pasternak (157)

1943, Lviv, Ukrainian production (139n7)

1944, G.I. Hamlet, Honolulu and US military base, Hawaii, adaptation, direction, and role of Hamlet by Maurice Evans (233, 2356, 2448)

19456, G.I. Hamlet, Broadway show and US tour (233, 236, 2467, 249n8)

1946, Vitebsk, trans. Boris Pasternak (157)

1956, Poland, dir. Roman Zawistowski (304n14)

2005, The Prince of the Himalayas (Tibetan film, dir. Sherwood Hu) (182)

2006, The Banquet / The Legend of the Black Scorpion (martial arts period drama in Mandarin), dir. Feng Xioagang (182)

2008, Hamlet44, Warsaw Uprising Museum, Poland, dir. Pawe Passini (16, 286301, 302n7)

Henry V

1940s-50s, all-female adaptation, Osiris Players, England, dir. Nancy Hewins (226)

1943, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (212)

1944, film, Britain, adaptation and dir. Laurence Olivier (188, 214)

Henry VIII

1945, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (212)

Julius Caesar

1935, Basilica of Maxentius, Rome, Fascist adaptation (926, 103n10)

1936, Giulio Cesare, operatic adaptation by Gian Francesco Malipiero, Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa (968)

1937, Mercury Theatre, New York, Orson Welles (99)

1939, Cesare, adaptation by Benito Mussolini and Giovacchino Forzano, Teatro Argentino, Rome (989)

1939, Giulio Cesare, drama, adaptation by Nino Guglielmi (103n13)

194050s, all-female adaptation, Osiris Players, England, dir. Nancy Hewins (226)

1941, Berlin Staatstheater (27)

1941, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (211)

1953, film by Joseph Mankiewicz (10, 99101)

King John

1940, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (207, 211)

King Lear

1940, Deutsches Theater, Berlin (27)

1943, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (212)

Loves Labours Lost

2005, Kabul, Afghanistan, dir. Corinne Jaber (18n12, 248)

Macbeth

194050s, all-female adaptation, Osiris Players, England, dir. Nancy Hewins (226, 227, 228)

1942, 1944, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (212)

1942, New York, then Fort Meade, Maryland, and Hawaii, starring Maurice Evans and Judith Anderson (2367, 249n8)

1942, Piccadilly Theatre, London, John Gielgud as Macbeth (136)

1942, Residenztheater, Munich, dir. Schweikart (25)

1942, Poprawki do Makbeta [Corrections to Macbeth], adaptation by Adam Bunsch (11, 1346, 140n23)

1945, Kammerspiele, Munich (209)

Measure for Measure

1940, Berlin Staatstheater (27)

1940, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (211)

Merchant of Venice, The

1905, dir. Max Reinhardt, Rudolf Schildkraut as Shylock (44)

1920, Munich playhouse, Alexander Granach as Shylock (43)

1921, dir. Max Reinhardt, Werner Krauss as Shylock (38, 52)

1924, Theater in der Josefstadt, Vienna, dir. Max Reinhardt, Fritz Kortner as Shylock (45)