Davies - Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe

The History of Half-Forgotten Europe

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ALLEN LANE

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First published 2011

Copyright Norman Davies, 2011

The moral right of the author has been asserted

All rights reserved.

978-0-14-196048-7

. Carolingians and Bosonids

. The Burgundian succession

. Early rulers of Aragon: the House of Ramiro

. The House of Trastmara

. The Jagiellons

. The early Radziwis

. Hohenzollerns and Jagiellons

. The later Hohenzollerns, 17011918

. Counts of Savoy

. I Buonaparti: the Bonapartes

. Bourbon Borbn Borbone (the Bourbons)

. The Hanovers and the Wettins

. The British Saxe-Coburgs and Gothas

. Petrovi and Karadjordjevi

. The Burial of Alaric. Woodcut, c. 1855, after a drawing by Eduard Bendemann (18111899) (akg-images)

. Clovis defeats Alaric III. Chalk lithograph by Nikolai D. Dmitrijeff Orenburgsky (18381898) after a painting by Friedrich Tshaus (18321885), 1875 (akg-images)

. The Book of Aneirin (National Library of Wales, Cardiff)

. The Arms of the City of Glasgow (Public Domain)

. Statue of William Wallace in Aberdeen, Scotland (Public Domain)

. The Rhinegold. Oil painting, 1859, by Peter von Cornelius (ullstein bild/AKG Pressebild)

. Dagobert Solidus (Public Domain)

. King Gontran of Bourgogne designates his nephew Childebert II as his successor, miniature from the Chronicles of France, printed by A. Verard, Paris, 1493 (hand-coloured print), French School, fifteenth century (Biblioteca Nazionale, Turin, Italy/Index/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Frederick I Barbarossa and his sons King Henry VI and Duke Frederick VI. Medieval illumination from the Chronic of the Guelphs, 11791191 (Hochschul- und Landesbibliothek Fulda, Germany)

. The Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good, and his son Charles. From the Chronicles of Hainault. Rogier van der Weyden miniature, 1477 (Royal Library, Brussels)

. Charles the Bold (143377), duke of Burgundy (146777), from the Rules and Ordinances of the Order of the Golden Fleece (vellum) (British Library, London, UK/copyright British Library Board. All Rights Reserved/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Mary of Burgundy (14571482), oil on wood, attributed to Michael Pacher, 1490 (original in a private collection)

. Aljaferia Palace, Zaragoza (akg/Bildarchiv Monheim)

. Naples waterfront (detail). Painting, 1465, by Francesco Pagano. Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy. (akg-images/ Erich Lessing)

. Petronila of Aragon and Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona, oil on canvas 1634 (Prado Museum)

. Ferdinand the Catholic, king of Aragon, of Sicily, and of Castile-Leon, 14521516. Painting, contemporary copy after late-fifteenth-century painting by Michael Sittow (14691525). (akg-images/Erich Lessing)

. Isabella I, Queen of Castile, and Leon, 14511504. Painting, c. 1500, after Juan de Flandes, oil on wood (akg-images/Erich Lessing)

. The Battle of El Puig from the St George Altarpiece (copyright Victoria & Albert Museum, London)

. The Ladder of John Klimakos, icon, twelfth century, paint and gold leaf on panel (Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt/Ancient Art and Architecture Collection Ltd/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Siege of Constantinople, 1453 (original in the Bibliotheque National, Paris)

. Trakai Castle, Lithuania (akg-images/Volker Kreidler)

. Mir Castle, Belarus (Alex Zalenko)

. Barbara Radziwill (152051) c. 155356 (oil on copper), studio of Lucas Cranach the Younger (151586) (copyright Czartoryski Museum, Cracow, Poland/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Lithuanian Statutes (National Library, Warsaw)

. The Polish Plumb Cake, c. 1772 (engraving), John Lodge, (fl. 1782d. 1796) (private collection/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Portrait of Stanislas II Augustus, king of Poland (pastel on paper mounted on canvas), after Marcello Bacciarelli (17311818) (copyright Dulwich Picture Gallery, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Summer afternoon in a Stetl in Galicia. c. 1900 (ullstein bild/ Imagno)

. A Hutsul man with horse, Poland (copyright RIA Novosti/ TopFoto)

. Grale men, Poland (Tatrzaskiego Parku Narodowego, Poland, with thanks to Mr Zbigniew adygin)

. Lww scene, c. 1900 (Public Domain)

. Emperor Joseph II wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece. Oil on canvas, Georg Weickert, eighteenth century (ullstein bild/Imagno)

. Franz Joseph (18301916), Austrian emperor (Mary Evans Picture Library)

. Curonian Spit, East Prussia, wandering dune and lagoon, 1934 (copyright ullstein bild/TopFoto)

. Marienburg, West Prussia. Castle of the Teutonic Order, from the northwest, c. 1930 (akg-images/Paul W. John)

. Detail from The Battle of Grunwald by Jan Matejko, oil on canvas, 1878 (National Museum in Warsaw)

. Tannenberg Memorial in 1934, on the occasion of the transfer of Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburgs remains to the crypt. (ullstein bild/Imagno)

. The Prussian Homage by Jan Matejko, oil on canvas, 1882 (Wawel Museum, Krakw)

. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern, duke of Prussia, painting, 1522 (akg-images)

. Frederick I, King of Prussia (170113), colour print, 1890, after a watercolour by Woldemar Friedrich (akg images)

. Frederick William (16201688), the Great Elector, after an engraving of 1683 by Antoine Masson (TopFoto.co.uk)

. Hautecombe monastery on the western shore of Lake Bourget, lithograph (c. 1860?) by A. Cuvillier (akg-images)

. Bonneville, Savoy with Mont Blanc, by J. M. W. Turner (17751851) (private collection/photograph copyright Christies Images/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. The citizens of Chambry vote for annexation, summer 1860 (Mary Evans Picture Library)

. Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, king of Italy (copyright 2006 Alinari/TopFoto)

. Fiftieth anniversary of the annexation of Savoy to France, illustration, Le Petit Journal, 18 September 1910 (colour lithograph) (private collection/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library)

. Activists in Piazza del Quirinale before the referendum of 2 June 1946 (copyright 2006 Alinari/TopFoto)

. Marie Luise of Bourbon with her children. painting, 1807, by Wilhelm Titel (17841862) (akg-images/Rabatti/Domingie)