Leonard S. Klein (editor) - African literatures in the 20th century : a guide ; based on the Encyclopedia of world literature in the 20th century

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in the

th

Century

A Guide

Leonard S. Klein , General Editor

A Guide

Based on the ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD LITERATURE IN THE 20TH CENTURY,

Revised Edition, Leonard S. Klein, General Editor

The Ungar Publishing Company New York

1987

Copyright 1986 by The Ungar Publishing Company.

Based on Encyclopedia of World Literature in the 20th Century, Revised Edition, copyright 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984 by Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc.

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Main entry under title:

African literatures in the 20th century.

Based on the Encyclopedia of world literature in the 20th century. Revised edition, Leonard S. Klein, general editor.

Includes bibliographies and index.

1. African literatureHistory and criticism Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Encyclopedia of world literature in the 20th century. Rev. ed. II. Title:

African literatures in the twentieth century. PL8010.A43 1986 809'.889'6 85-24579

ISBN 0-8044-6362-X (pbk.)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of The Ungar Publishing Company.

Contents

Preface vii

Abbreviations for Periodicals ix

ALGERIAN LITERATURE 1

Mohammed Dib 7

Mouloud Eeraoun 9

Kateb Yacine 10

Mouloud Mammeri 12

ANGOLAN LITERATURE 15

Jose Luandino Vieira 19

BENINIAN LITERATURE 21

BOTSWANA LITERATURE 24

CAMEROONIAN LITERATURE 26

Mongo Beti 28

Ferdinand Oyono 30

CAPE VERDEAN LITERATURE 33

CONGOLESE LITERATURE 36

EGYPTIAN LITERATURE 38

Tawflq al-Hakim 47

Taha Husayn 49

Yusuf Idris 51

Najib Mahfuz 54

ETHIOPIAN LITERATURE 57

GAMBIAN LITERATURE 62

Lenrie Peters 63

GHANAIAN LITERATURE 65

Ayi Kwei Armah 68

Kofi Awoonor 70

GUINEA-BISSAU LITERATURE 73

GUINEAN LITERATURE 75

Camara Laye 77

iv CONTENTS

IVORY COAST LITERATURE 80

Bernard Binlin Dadie 82

KENYAN LITERATURE 85

Ngugi wa Thiongo 88

LESOTHO LITERATURE 91

Thomas Mofolo 92

LIBERIAN LITERATURE 95

MALAGASY LITERATURE 97

MALAWIAN LITERATURE 102

MALI LITERATURE 105

MAURITIAN LITERATURE 107

MOROCCAN LITERATURE 109

MOZAMBICAN LITERATURE 113

NEGRITUDE 117

NIGERIAN LITERATURE 119

Chinua Achebe 126

John Pepper Clark 129

Cyprian Ekwensi 131

Gabriel Okara 133

Christopher Okigbo 134

Wole Soyinka 136

Amos Tutuola 139

REUNION LITERATURE 142

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE LITERATURE 144

SENEGALESE LITERATURE 146

Birago Diop 152

Ousmane Sembene 153

Leopold Sedar Senghor 156

SIERRA LEONEAN LITERATURE 159

SOMALI LITERATURE 161

Nuruddin Farah 164

SOUTH AFRICAN LITERATURE 166

Peter Abrahams 186

Dennis Brutus 188

Roy Campbell 189

Athol Fugard 191

Nadine Gordimer 194

Alex La Guma 196

Sarah Gertrude Millin 197

Ezekiel (Eskia) Mphahlele 199

CONTENTS V

Preface

This guide is based on the five-volume Encyclopedia of World Literature in the 20th Century, revised edition, published by Ungar 1981-84. With the exception of a few minor revisions and corrections, the articles herein are reproduced exactly as they appeared in the original work, and no attempt has been made to update them. The purpose of the present volume, rather, is to provide a handy compilation of articles about the literatures of the African continent plus the Malagasy Republic, Mauritius, and Reunion that contain information available nowhere else in such a compact format.

Coverage encompasses the Arab countries of northern Africa, including Egypt, and both black and white writers of sub-Saharan Africa; writing in English, French, Portuguese, Afrikaans, Arabic, Creole languages, and the indigenous languages of the continent is discussed.

Articles are arranged alphabetically by country, and where applicable, national surveys are followed by articles about major writers of that country. In addition, an article on Negritude is included. An index to author articles is provided at the back of the book.