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ISBN 13: 978-1-4094-1480-3 (hbk)
WORKS ISSUED BY
THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
THE PRESTER JOHN OF THE INDIES
VOL. I
SECOND SERIES
No. CXIV
ISSUED FOR 1958
HAKLUYT SOCIETY
PATRON:
H.R.H. THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, K.G., P.C., K.T., K.P.
COUNCIL AND OFFICERS, 1958
PRESIDENT
J. N. L. BAKER, Esq., MA., B.Litt.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
Professor E. G. R. TAYLOR, D.SC. JAMES A. WILLIAMSON, Esq., D.Litt. SIR ALAN BURNS, G.G.M.G.
COUNCIL (WITH DATE OF ELECTION)
K. R. ANDREWS, Esq., D.Litt. (1958)
Professor C. F. BECKINGHAM (1958)
Professor G. R. BOXER (1955)
Miss E. M.J. CAMPBELL, M.A. (1958)
G. R. CRONE, Esq., M.A. (1955)
E. S. DE BEER, Esq., Hon. D.Litt., F.S.A. (1956)
Sir MAURICE HOLMES, G.B.E., K.C.B. (1957)
Professor C. C. LLOYD (1958)
Sir HARRY LUKE, K.C.M.G., D.Litt. (1954)
Commander R. D. MERRIMAN, R.I.N., D.S.C. (1957)
J. V. MILLS, Esq., M.A. (1956)
GEORGE P. B. NAISH, Esq., F.S.A. (1955)
N. M. PENZER, Esq., D.Litt. (1958)
Professor D. B. QUINN (1957)
Royal Geographical Society (General Sir JAMES MARSHALL-CORNWALL) HELEN M. WALLIS, D.Phil. (1957)
TRUSTEES
J. N. L. BAKER, Esq., M.A., B.Litt. E. W. BOVILL, Esq., F.S.A. Sir GILBERT LAITHWAITE, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., K.C.I.E., C.S.I.
TREASURER: F. B. MAGGS, Esq.
HON. SECRETARY
R. A. SKELTON, Esq., B.A., F.S.A., British Museum, London, W.G.I
HON. SECRETARIES FOR OVERSEAS
Australia: G. D. RICHARDSON, Esq.
Canada: Professor J. B. BIRD
New Zealand: C. R. H. TAYLOR, Esq., M.A.
South Africa: DOUGLAS VARLEY, Esq.
U.S.A.: W. M. WHITEHILL, Esq., Ph.D., F.S.A.
THE PRESTER JOHN OF THE INDIES
A TRUE RELATION OF THE LANDS
OF THE PRESTER JOHN being the narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Ethiopia in 1520 written by Father Francisco Alvares
The translation of Lord Stanley of Alderley (1881) revised and edited with additional material by
C.F.BECKINGHAM and G. W. B. HUNTIMGFORO
VOLUME I
THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
1961
Printed im Great Britain
by Robert MacLehose and Company LimUti
at fit Uoimmip Press, mmgw
We wish to begin by acknowledging the great debt we owe to Professor Roberto Almagi. He has generously allowed us to translate and include in the present work passages which he has transcribed and published from manuscripts in Rome, but the full extent of our obligations to him will be realized only by those who have read the pamphlet in which he has made known his important discoveries concerning the history of Alvaress text. We should also like to record our gratitude to the late Dr O. G. S. Crawford who first told us of the pamphlet and kindly gave us a copy. To Dr D. Maxwell White of the Department of Italian Studies, Manchester University, we are indebted for much time and trouble which he has devoted to discussing difficulties in Ramusios version and to helping us to decipher the photostat of part of an Italian manuscript. Other scholars to whom we offer cordial thanks for their assistance with specific problems are Ato Asfaw Tafarra, Mr G. D. Painter of the Department of Printed Books, British Museum, Mr Alan Rowe, formerly Lecturer in Near Eastern Archaeology, Manchester University, Mr A. M. Salazar of the London School of Economics, Dr Hugh Scott, F.R.S., Dr E. Trewavas of the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), Mr R. C. Willis of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese Studies, Manchester University, Dr Wright of Manchester University Library, Ato G. Takla Maryam, and, for Plate VII, Mr Derek Matthews.
Our indebtedness to librarians and their staffs is very great. We are particularly grateful to Mr S. C. Sutton, Librarian of the India Office Library, for allowing us to borrow a copy of the rare editio princeps of Alvares. But for this generosity on Mr Suttons part we should not have been able to undertake our own edition. Mr J. D. Pearson, Librarian of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London University, with similar liberality permitted us to borrow a copy of an early edition of Ramusios collection of travels. Mr Arthur Tillotson, Secretary of Cambridge University Library, has afforded us much help at considerable trouble to himself. Other libraries to which we have particular reason to be grateful are Manchester University Library, the John Rylands Library and the Central Reference Library, Manchester. For the skill and care with which the photographic reproductions have been made we are grateful to Miss Winifred Large, Photographer to the London School of Oriental and African Studies.
The text-figures (except nos. 7, 8, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 32, 34) were drawn and the sketch-maps (nos. 17) prepared by G.W.B.H. In the later stages of our work we have received considerable secretarial help from Miss Patricia Vaucouleur, which we acknowledge with cordial thanks.
To Professor Edward Ullendorff, Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Manchester University, we are indebted for some valuable criticisms and suggestions when the book was in proof.