Malcolm Letts (editor) - The Pilgrimage of Arnold von Harff, Knight, from Cologne: Through Italy, Syria, Egypt, Arabia, Ethiopia, Nubia, Palestine, Turkey, France and Spain, ... 1496-1499 (Hakluyt Society, Second Series)

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The Pilgrimage of Arnold von Harff , Knight , from Cologne

Through Italy, Syria, Egypt, Arabia, Ethiopia, Nubia, Palestine, Turkey, France and Spain, which he Accomplished in the years 1496-1499

Edited by
MALCOLM LETTS

First published by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the Hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com .

ISBN 13: 978-1-4094-1460-5 (hbk)

WORKS ISSUED BY

The Bakluyt Society

THE PILGRIMAGE OF ARNOLD VON HARFF

SECOND SERIES
No. XCIV

COUNCIL

OF

THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY

1946

EDWARD LYNAM, ESQ., D.LITT., M.R.I.A., F.S.A., President.

THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL BALDWIN OF BEWDLEY, K.G., P.C., Vice-President.

EDWARD HEAWOOD, ESQ., M.A., Vice-President.

PROFESSOR E. G. R. TAYLOR, D.Sc., Vice-President.

E. W. BOVILL, ESQ.

SIR RICHARD BURN, C.S.I.

A. HUGH CARRINGTON, ESQ.

G. R. CRONE, ESQ.

PROFESSOR F. DEBENHAM, O.B.E.

SIR WILLIAM FOSTER, C.I.E.

E. W. GILBERT, ESQ.

SIR GILBERT LAITHWAITE, K.C.I.E., C.S.I.

FRANK B. MAGGS, ESQ.

WALTER OAKESHOTT, ESQ.

PROFESSOR E. PRESTAGE, D.LITT.

ROYAL EMPIRE SOCIETY (JAMES PACKMAN, ESQ.)

J. A. STEERS, ESQ.

R. A. WILSON, ESQ.

J. N. L. BAKER, ESQ., Treasurer.

R. A. SKELTON, ESQ., Hon. Secretary (BRITISH MUSEUM, W.C 1.)

THE PRESIDENT

THE TREASURER

E. W. BOVILL, ESQ.

MALCOLM LETTS, ESQ., F.S.A.}Trustees.

THE PILGRIMAGE

OF

ARNOLD VON HARFF

KNIGHT

from Cologne, through Italy, Syria, Egypt, Arabia, Ethiopia, Nubia, Palestine, Turkey, France and Spain, which he accomplished in the years 1496 to 1499

Translated from the German and edited with notes and an introduction

by

MALCOLM LETTS, F.S.A.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD.THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, GLASGOW

T his work was commenced and finished during the stress of war, for the most part in what Dr. Johnson calls sudden snatches. Several problems remain unsolved, particularly as to some of von Harffs sources. I do not think that a collation of the various manuscripts would have been worth while, even if it had been possible. Von Groote, the first editor, did his work well. His text was based on three manuscripts, and my aim has been simply to provide an English translation of a text which has been accepted without question by German scholars and others for more than eighty years, and to elucidate the narrative as best I could. I had hoped to be able to reproduce von Harffs sketches from the original drawings instead of from von Grootes woodcuts, but that would have delayed publication indefinitely, and the drawings, although attractive and valuable as examples of contemporary costume, are of secondary importance.

I have had many helpers. Dr. Lynam, our President, Sir William Foster, our former President, and Mr. Edward Heawood have advised and encouraged me from the first. To Mr. E. S. de Beer a special debt is due. He not only read the translation and notes of the part relating to Rome, but it was he who identified the Pilgrim-book of 1489, from which von Harff appears to have copied his descriptions of the Roman churches. I must also express my thanks to Sir George Hill, Professor Sir Geoffrey Callender, Dr. Charles ffoulkes, Mr. R. A. Skelton and Miss L. Drucker for advice and assistance, to the Schools of Oriental and African Studies, and Slavonic and East European Studies for help with von Harffs vocabularies, and, last but not least, to my wife who has helped me with the laborious task of proof-reading and checking. Mr. A. H. Carrington has been good enough to make the index.

MALCOLM LETTS

CONTENTS

Venetian gentleman

The Doge

Venetian ladies

An ostrich

Turks and Greeks

Greek alphabet

A leopard

A crocodile

Greek monk

The Sultan of Egypt

A sheep

Turks, Jews and Christians

A giraffe

A Mameluke

Egyptian women

Arabic alphabet

The pilgrim on his camel

A wild Arab

St. Catherine and the pilgrim

Syrian costume

Syrian alphabet

Amazons

Sea monsters

ThomasChristians

Their alphabet

St. Thomas and the pilgrim

Shell-houses

Dog-faced men

Sea monsters

Snake called linatas

Ethiopian alphabet

Musk-deer

Mameluke on the march

The pilgrim in prison

The Crucifixion

Hebrew alphabet

Snake called Tyros

Armenian alphabet

Gascon dress

Basque women

Spanish executions

St. James and the pilgrim

Breton dress

St. Michael and the pilgrim

A rnold von Harff, the author of the travels now first translated into English, was born towards the end of 1471 and was the second son of Daem (Adam) von Harff, a nobleman of considerable position at the court of the Dukes of Jlich and Gelders, whose ancestral seat was at Harff a.d. Erft, near Cologne.1 We know nothing of the early life and up-bringing of the young man, but that he was a youth of courage and determination, endowed with a shrewdness beyond his years and an ability to discriminate and observe, is clear from his book. He set out on his pilgrimage in November 1496, at the age of twenty-five, and returned to Cologne in October or November 1499. Travelling through Germany and Italy, he sailed from Venice for Alexandria, visited Cairo and Mt. Sinai, crossed the deserts of Arabia by camel, embarked at Aden for Socotra and (if this part of his story is to be believed) visited India, Madagascar, and East and Central Africa. He claims to have climbed the Mountains of the Moon, to have discovered the source of the Nile, and to have followed its course down to Cairo. He then explored the Holy Land, penetrated into Asia Minor, visited Constantinople, and returned overland to Europe. He next visited Compostella and made his way back, via Paris and the Low Countries, to Cologne. I shall have more to say about his itinerary later on, but this is the rough outline.

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