John Winter Jones - The travels of Ludovico de Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia, A.D. 1503 to 1508

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The travels of Ludovico de Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia, A.D. 1503 to 1508

Edited by

JOHN WINTER JONES and GEORGE PERCY BADGER

First published by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

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Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the Hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com .

ISBN 13: 978-1-4094-1298-4 (hbk)

WORKS ISSUED BY

The Hakluyt Society

THE TRAVELS OF

LUDOVICO DI VAETHEMA.

M.DCCC.LXIII.

THE TRAVELS

OF

LUDOVICO DI VAETHEMA

IN

EGYPT, SYRIA, ARABIA DESERTA AND ARABIA FELIX, IN PERSIA, INDIA, AND ETHIOPIA,

A.D. 1503 TO 1508.

Translated

FROM THE ORIGINAL ITALIAN EDITION OF 1510,

WITH A PREFACE,

BY

JOHN WINTER JONES, ESQ., F.S.A.,

And Edited,

WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION,

BY

GEORGE PERCY BADGER,

LATE GOVERNMENT CHAPLAIN IN THE PRESIDENCY OF BPMBAY, AUTHOR OF THE NESTORIANS AND THEIR BITUALS, ETC., ETC., ETC.

LONDON: T. RICHARDS, 37, GREAT QUEEN STREET.

TO THE

RIGHT HOBOURABLE

SIR CHARLES WOOD, BART., G.C.B.,

HH MAJESTYS SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA,

THIS EDITION

OF THE EASTERN TRAVELS OF

LUDOVICO DI VARTHEMA,

AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY,

IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

BY THE EDITOR.

COUNCIL

OF

THI HAKLUYT SOCIETY.

SIR RODERICK IMPEY MURCHISON, G.C.St.S., F.R.S., D.C.L., Corr. Mem. Inst. F., Hon. Mem. Imp. Acad. Sc. St. Petersburg, etc., etc., PRESIDENTT.

J. BARROW, ESQ., F.R.S.

RT. HON. LORD BROUGHTON.

CAPTAIN CRACROFT, R.N.

SIR HENRY ELLIS, K.H, F.R.S.

JOHN FORSTER ESQ.

R. W. GREY, ESQ, M.P.

T. HODGKIN, ESQ, M.D.

JOKM WINTER JONES, ESQ., F.S.A.

HIS EXCELLENCY THE COUNT DE LAVRADIO.

B. H. MAJOR, ESQ., F.S.A.

SIR CHARLES NICHOLSON, BART.

SIR ERSKINE PERRY.

MAJOR-GENERAL. SIR HENRY C. RAWLINSON., K.C.B.

WILLIAM STIRLING ESQ., M.P.

CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, ESQ., HONORARY SECRETARY.

DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.

Section from Gastaldis Map

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

THIS translation made from the first Italian edition of 1510 ; truthfulness of Varthemas narrative, and simplicity of his style ; later editions more or less faulty ; the present version intended to be a faithful representative of the original text; Varthemas work immediately attracted attention, i-iii. Different editions and translations enumerated : Italian ; Latin ; German ; Spanish ; French ; Dutch ; English, iii-xvi.

Deficiency of all the authorities as to Varthemas antecedents, xvii ; not supplied by allusions in his dedication, xix ; notice of the Lady Agnesina, Duchess of Albi and Tagliacozzo, to whom he dedicates, xix ; Ramusios preface has no information, and his edition a third-hand version, xxi ; particulars derivable with more or less certainty from the narrative itself, xxii ; his motives for travelling, xxiii ; character of his narrative, xxiii ; scanty recompense, xxiv.

Date of his leaving Europe, xxv ; remarks on his notices of Cairo and Egypt under the Mamlks, ib. ; Syria and Damascus, xxvi ; his enrolment as a Mamlk, and reserve as to his profession of Islm, his Mussulman name (Ynas or Jonah), and his knowledge of Muhammedanism, xxvi ; remarks on such conformity to Islamism, xxvii ; he joins the Hajj Caravan from Damascus, ib. ; the only European who has reached Meccah by that route, xxvii ; his sketches of the desert and Bedwn, xxviii ; his notice of a colony of Jews near El-Mednah, and the fact authenticated, ib. ; his description of El-Medinah and correction of fables about Muhammeds coffin, xxix ; his journey on to Meccah, xxx ; his notice of the politics of the time confirmed by Arabic authorities, the Kurrat El-Ayn and Ruh er-Ruh, xxx-xxxv ; his account of Meccah, its visitors, holy places, and ceremonies, xxxv ; wonderful truth of his descriptions, as confirmed incidentally by Burckhardt and expressly by Burton, xxxvi.

Varthema escapes to Juddah from the Caravan, xxxvi-vii ; his voyage down the Red Sea and arrival at Aden, xxxviii ; suspected as a Christian spy and imprisoned, and sent to the Sultan of southern Yemen at Rad, xxxix ; corroboration of a part of Varthemas story here from the narratives of Portuguese acts of piracy at this time, xxxixxli j outline of the contemporary politics of Yemen from Arabic authorities, xlixliv, and incidental corroboration of Varthemas narrative, xliv; intervention of one of the Sultns wives in Varthemas favour, and his pretended madness, xlv ; morality of the harm, ib. ; Varthema obtains leave to visit Aden, where he engages a passage to India, and spends the interval before its departure on an excursion through Yemen, xlvi ; he is the first European traveller who has described that country, and scarcely any but Niebuhr have followed, xlvi ; abstract of his route, xlvii ; returns to Aden, embarks, runs for Africa and visits Zaila and Berbera; truth of hie descriptions, xlviii ; circumstantial evidence of the season at which this voyage was made, xlix ; Varthema crosses the Indian ocean to Diu in Guzerat ; thence to Gogo ; and thence westward to Julfr in the Persian Gulf, Mskat, and Hormuz, 1 ; notices of Hormuz and its history, 1, li.

Varthemas visit to Eri or Herat, lii ; difficulty about his large and fine river ; Shirz, liii; his meeting with a Persian merchant Cozazionor, who becomes his travelling companion ; advantages of this to Varthema, liv ; they start for Samarcand, but are turned back by the Sfs persecution of the Shis; confirmation of this from history,lv,lvi; Cozazionor proposes to give Varthema his niece in marriage, lvii ; they reach Hormuz and embark for India, arriving at

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