John W. McCrindle (editor) - Kosma Aiguptiou Monachou Christianike Topographia - The Christian Topography of Cosmas, an Egyptian Monk (Hakluyt Society, First Series)

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Kosma Aiguptiou Monachou Christianike Topographia The Christian Topography of Cosmas, an Egyptian Monk

Edited by

JOHN W. MCCRINDLE

First published by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the Hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com .

ISBN 13: 978-1-4094-1365-3 (hbk)

WORKS ISSUED BY

The Hakluyt Society.

________o_________

THE CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY

OF

COSMAS.

No. XCVIII.

KOMA

AIYIITIOY MONAXOY

XPITIANIKH TOOPAIA.

________________

THE

CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY

OF

COSMAS, AN EGYPTIAN MONK.

Translated from the Greek, and Edited, with Notes and Introduction

BY

J. W. MCCRINDLE, M.A., M.R.A.S., F.R.S.G.S.,

LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE GOVERNMENT COLLEGE AT PATNA, AND FELLOW OF
CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY;

AUTHOR OF A SERIES OF WORKS ON ANCIENT INDIA, AS DESCRIBED BY THE CLASSICAL AUTHORS,
INCLUDING THE INDICA OF CTESIAS, MEGASTHENES AND ARRIAN; THE PERIPLS
OF THE ERYTHRAEAN SEA; PTOLEMYS GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA, AND THE
INVASION OF INDIA BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT.

LONDON:
PRINTED AT THE BEDFORD PRESS, 20 AND 21, BEDFORDBURY, W.C.

COUNCIL

OF

THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.

____________

SIR CLEMENTS MARKHAH, K.C.B., F.R.S., Pres. R.G.S., PRESIDENT.

THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD STANLEY OF ALDERLEY, VICE-PRESIDENT.

REAR-ADMIRAL SIR WILLIAM WHARTON, K.C.B., VICE-PRESIDENT.

C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, ESQ., M.A.

COLONEL G. EARL CHURCH.

THE RIGHT HON. GEORGE N. CURZON, M.P.

ALBERT GRAY, ESQ.

ALFRED HARMSWORTH, ESQ.

THE RIGHT HON. LORD HAWKESBURY.

EDWARD HEAWOOD, ESQ., M.A.

ADMIRAL SIR ANTHONY H. HOSKINS, G.C.B.

VICE-ADMIRAL ALBERT H. MARKHAM.

A. P. MAUDSLAY, ESQ.

E. DELMAK MORGAN, ESQ.

CAPTAIN NATHAN, R.E.

ADMIRAL SIR E. OMMANNEY, C.B., F.R.S.

CUTHBERT E. PEEK, ESQ.

E. G. RAVENSTEIN, ESQ.

HOWARD SAUNDERS, ESQ.

CHARLES WELCH, ESQ., F.S.A.

WILLIAM FOSTER, ESQ., B.A., Honorary Secratary.

CONTENTS

_____

Plates with figures illustrative of the Text, and explanations of them

__________________

ERRATA.

, line 17, far Theodosius, read Theodorus.

,	line 24,	vail,	veil.
,	,
,	line 19,;	each of,	each pair of.
,	line 4,	diameter	dimensions.
,	,	pavilio	papilio.
,	line 5,	Appolinarius	Apollinarius.

_____________

T HE Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes is one of the prodigies of literature. The boldness and perverse ingenuity with which its author, from a long array of irrelevant scripture texts, seeks to construct an impossible theory of the universe can scarcely fail to astonish everyone who reads it. It made its appearance at that period in the worlds history, when Christendom, fast losing the light of Greek learning and culture, was soon to be shrouded in the long night of mediaeval ignorance and barbarism. The work reflects with singular distinctness this prominent characteristic of the age which produced it; for while Cosmas, on the one hand, held the principles of the Christian faith combined with others pervading the theology then current which led to the darkening of all true knowledge, he had, on the other hand, a somewhat considerable, if inexact, acquaintance with the philosophical and scientific speculations of the Greeks. He may thus not inaptly be compared to a two-headed Janus, with one face turned to the light of departing day, and the other to the shadows of the coming night.

In our Introduction will be found a statement showing the sources whence the text of this unique work has been derived. A biography of its author then follows; next, a synopsis of his cosmological views, and finally, citations of the opinions which have been passed upon his system of the world and the contents of his work generally.

The translation here presented is literal, as far as the exigencies of idiom would permit. It is the first that has been made of the whole work into English, or, indeed, into any other language except Latin and Norwegian. In its preparation we have lacked the advantage, generally enjoyed by translators of classical texts, that of having at hand for reference a variety of translations and commentaries to throw light on passages that are dark, dubious, or disputed, or otherwise perplexed. We have had, indeed, the assistance of Montfaucons Latin version, but no commentary whatever to give us light where we found Cosmas dark. That good and learned Father is generally accurate, but, like the good Homer, he sometimes nods, and we give at the foot of the page a list of notes which refer to passages whereof his interpretations differ from our own.1 Another list of notes follows, in which suggestions are offered for the correction of the Greek text.2

Cosmas tells us, in the outset of his work, that he has inserted notes for the clearer exposition of the text . These notes he seems to have placed, not in the margin, but in the body of the work, after the text to which they refer. In our translation they appear in a similar position, but printed in a type somewhat smaller than that of the text.

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