Frank Debenham - The Voyage of Captain Bellingshausen to the Antarctic Seas, 1819-1821

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The Voyage of Captain Bellingshausen to the Antarctic Seas, 18191821

Translated from the Russian. Volume I

Edited by
FRANK DEBENHAM

First published by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilisedin any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the Hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com.

ISBN 13:978-1-4094-1457-5 (hbk)

WORKS ISSUED BY

THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY

THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN BELLINGSHAUSEN TO THE ANTARCTIC SEAS 18191821

VOL. I

SECOND SERIES
No XCI

ISSUED FOR 1945

COUNCIL

OF

THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY

1945

EDWARD LYNAM, ESQ., D.LITT., M.R.I.A., F.S.A., President.

THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL BALDWIN OF BEWDLEY, K.G., Vice-President.

JAMES A. WILLIAMSON, ESQ., D.LIT., Vice-President.

PROFESSOR E. G. R. TAYLOR, D.SC, Vice-President.

J. N. L. BAKER, ESQ., M.A., B.LITT.

SIR RICHARD BURN, C.S.I.

A. HUGH CARRINGTON, ESQ.

PROFESSOR F. DEBENHAM, O.B.E., M.A.

SIR WILLIAM FOSTER, CLE.

GUILDHALL LIBRARY (RAYMOND SMITH, ESQ.)

SIR GILBERT LAITHWAITE, K.C.I.E., C.S.L

EVANS LEWIN, ESQ., M.B.E.

PROFESSOR KENNETH MASON, M.C, R.E.

WALTER OAKESHOTT, ESQ., M.A.

PROFESSOR E. PRESTAGE, D.LITT.

S. T. SHEPPARD, ESQ.

J. A. STEERS, ESQ., M.A.

R. A. WILSON, ESQ.

EDWARD HEAWOOD, ESQ., M.A., Treasurer.

G. R. CRONE, ESQ., M.A., Hon. Secretary (Royal Geographical Society, Kensington Gore, S.W. 7).

THADDEUS BELLINGSHAUSEN

(From a portrait pointed about the time of the Expedition)

THE VOYAGE

of

CAPTAIN BELLINGSHAUSEN

to the

ANTARCTIC SEAS

18191821

Translated from the Russian

Edited by

FRANK DEBENHAM, O.B.E., M.A,

Director of the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge

VOLUME 1

LONDON

PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY

MCMXLV

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY W. LEWIS, M.A.
UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE

T HIS TRANSLATION of Captain T. Bellingshausens account of his remarkable voyage into the Antarctic Ocean in 181921 has been so long heralded that a brief notice of the vicissitudes through which it has passed should accompany its appearance in print.

The idea of its publication in English first occurred to the present editor in 1920, when, by the kindness of the Hydrographer to the Admiralty, Sir John Parry, he was permitted to see a translation which had been made during the last war at the instance of Mr W. S. Bruce, leader of the Scotia expedition to the Antarctic (19021904). This translation was accordingly submitted to a Russian scholar, Mr (afterwards Professor) Edward Bullough, of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He found that it contained many technical faults, and very kindly undertook a fresh translation of the original, which, with the aid of grants from the Scott Mansion House Fund, he completed in 1924. This was, with Mr Bulloughs consent, examined and revised by other experts, of whom the chief was a Russian student of the editor, N. Volkov, a descendant of Lazarev, who rendered valuable service. The present editor then set about harmonizing the work of the various translators, in order to produce a text which would be uniform in style. In this he was greatly helped by his assistant at the Scott Polar Research Institute, Miss W. M. Drake (now Mrs Hayes).

Some of the officers who accompanied Bellingshausen wrote independent accounts of the voyage, and these were deposited in the archives of the Russian Admiralty. The present writer thought that extracts from these, added as footnotes or appendices, would increase the interest and value of Bellingshausens narrative, and accordingly applied to the Russian Admiralty for permission to use them. The Russian authorities replied in the most courteous spirit, but unfortunately were not able to locate the journalsif they still existedbefore the invasion of Russia by Germany in 1941.

The fact that Bellingshausens voyage was practically unknown to the general public made it no easy task to find for this translation a publisher who would bring it out in the style which it merited. One was found, however, in 1938, and the book was going through the press when the war broke out. Unfortunately the restrictions and difficulties caused by the war seriously hampered the work of this firm, which in 1940 was forced to ask to be released from its contract. In 1942 the Council of the Hakluyt Society was approached, and almost at once accepted the proposal that this translation should be published as one of their famous series of first-hand narratives of exploration and travel.

The preparation of the book for press in the midst of manifold war obligations has only been made possible by the willing co-operation of many people, to some of whom particular acknowledgment is due. General assistance of a secretarial kind has always been available from Miss Christina Wanklyn and also from other voluntary helpers at the Scott Polar Research Institute. Thanks are also due to Dr Lynam, the Hon. Secretary, now President, of the Hakluyt Society, and to the Cambridge University Press for their advice and assistance at all stages of publication.

FRANK DEBENHAM

Scott Polar Research Institute Cambridge

CONTENTS

VOL. I

ILLUSTRATIONS

VOL. I

THADDEUS BELLINGSHAUSEN

1 Seaweed and Plankton

2 View of the town of San Sebastian, Rio de Janeiro

3 Lyeskov, Visokoi, and Zavodovski Islands

4 Candlemas, Saunders, and Montagu Islands

5 Bristol, Thule, and Cook Islands

6 Macaroni and Ringed Penguins

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