Gail Gibbons - Penguins!

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123

For Jeffrey and Ken Goldfarb

Special thanks to
Jennifer Guille and Dyan deNapoli
of the New England Aquarium,
Boston, Massachusetts

Copyright 1998 by Gail Gibbons
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gibbons, Gail.
Penguins! / by Gail Gibbons. 1st ed.
p. cm.
Summary: Describes the habitat, physical characteristics, and
behavior of different kinds of penguins.
ISBN 0-8234-1388-8
1. PenguinsJuvenile literature. [1. Penguins.] I. Title.
QL696.S473G44 1998 98-5194 CIP AC
598.47dc21
ISBN 0-8234-1516-3 (pbk.)

ISBN-13: 978-0-8234-1388-1 (hardcover)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8234-1516-8 (paperback)

ISBN-10: 0-8234-1388-8 (hardcover)
ISBN-10: 0-8234-1516-3 (paperback)

Here come the penguins, straight and tall. They walk with a waddle, yet look stately and dignified.

There are seventeen different kinds of penguins. The smallest is the little blue penguin. It is about one foot (30 centimeters) tall. The biggest of all penguins is the emperor penguin, standing almost four feet (120 centimeters) tall.

SOME KINDS OF PENGUINS

EMPEROR
PENGUIN

MACARONI
PENGUIN

GENTOO PENGUIN

KING
PENGUIN

CHINSTRAP
PENGUIN

GALAPAGOS
PENGUIN

LITTLE BLUE
PENGUIN
also called
FAIRY
PENGUIN

All penguins have black or bluish - gray backs and white bellies. The patterns around their necks and heads are what make them look different. Some have colorful patches. Others show off brightly colored crests. But they all have the same basic body shape and characteristics.

ROCKHOPPER
PENGUIN

CREST

MAGELLANIC
PENGUIN

YELLOW- EYED
PENGUIN

AFRICAN PENGUIN
also called JACKASS or
BLACK- FOOTED
PENGUIN

ADELIE
PENGUIN

EYE

CROWN

BEAK or BILL

THROAT

BREAST

BELLY

WING

LEGS

WEBBED FEET

TAIL

BACK

NECK

All penguins are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

NORTH
POLE

SOUTH
POLE

SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE

The Adelie and emperor penguins never leave Antarctica. Others live in New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, South America, and the Galapagos and many other islands.

ADELIE PENGUIN

AFRICAN PENGUIN
also called JACKASS or
BLACK- FOOTED PENGUIN

CHINSTRAP PENGUIN

EMPEROR PENGUIN

GALAPAGOS PENGUIN

GENTOO PENGUIN

KING PENGUIN

LITTLE BLUE PENGUIN
also called
FAIRY PENGUIN

MACARONI PENGUIN

MAGELLANIC PENGUIN

ROCKHOPPER PENGUIN

YELLOW- EYED PENGUIN

SOUTH
AMERICA

GALAPAGOS
ISLANDS

ATLANTIC
OCEAN

PACIFIC
OCEAN

SOUTH
AFRICA

SOUTH
POLE

ANTARCTICA

NEW
ZEALAND

INDIAN
OCEAN

AUSTRALIA

Penguins are birds, but they lost their ability to fly millions of years ago. Over time they began to spend a lot of time hunting for food in frigid waters. Their wings changed into powerful, rigid flippers for swimming.

Penguins have sleek, smooth bodies that glide easily through the water. They are excellent swimmers and divers. Larger ones can swim faster than miles (40 kilometers) an hour. The emperor penguin can dive deeper than any other bird, about 1500 feet (450 meters).

Groups of penguins may stay at sea for weeks at a time. They leap in graceful arcs through the water to grab breaths of air. Penguins feed underwater on krill, fish and other sea creatures. Their natural enemies are fur and leopard seals, sea lions, sharks and killer whales.

KRILL is a small
shrimplike creature.

SEA
LION

FUR SEAL

LEOPARD SEAL

SHARK

KILLER WHALE

When the penguins want to leave the water, they can leap up as much as six feet (1.8 meters) onto a rocky shore or ice-berg. They climb rocks easily, hopping from one to the other. Sometimes penguins speed over snow and ice by dropping onto their bellies and sliding!

A penguins many feathers are small and stiff. They form a warm and waterproof covering. In really cold places, pen-guins have an extra layer of long, downy feathers underneath. They also have thick layers of fat to keep them warm.

Once a year many penguins come together to form colonies called rookeries. It is time for the penguins to mate and raise their young. At this time, they make loud croaking and trum-peting sounds. Most of the time penguins are quiet.

What a noisy place a rookery is with all the harsh penguin
calls. There can be hundreds, sometimes thousands, of pen-guins in a rookery. They have no trouble finding their mates.

MALE

FEMALE

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