To Vicki and Dennis Schooley
Special thanks to Bob Welch
of Shearers Greenhouses,
Bradford, Vermont
Copyright 2000 by Gail Gibbons
All rights reserved
Printed and bound in February 2011 at Kwong Fat Offset Printing Co., Ltd.,
Dongguan City, Guang Dong Province, China.
10 12 14 13 11
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gibbons, Gail.
Apples / Gail Gibbons. 1st ed.
p. cm.
Summary: Explains how apples were brought to America,
how they grow, their traditional uses and cultural significance,
and some of the varieties grown.
ISBN 0-8234-1497-3
1. ApplesJuvenile literature. [1. Apples.] I. Title.
SB363.G53 2000
634'.11dc21 99-054246
ISBN 0-8234-1669-0 (pbk.)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8234-1497-0 (hardcover) ISBN-10: 0-8234-1497-3 (hardcover)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8234-1669-1 (paperback) ISBN-10: 0-8234-1669-0 (paperback)
HOLIDAY HOUSE is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
An apple is a fruit. It grows on an apple tree. Apple trees grow in more parts of the world than any other fruit tree. They have been in exis-tence for about two million years.
The first American colonists brought apple seeds and seedlings with them from England.
A
SEEDLING
is a very
young,
small tree.
As the colonists moved westward, they brought apple seeds and seedlings with them. Some settlers found that Native American Indians had already brought apple seeds west and had apple trees growing near their villages.
Many times during the early 1800s, John Chapman traveled throughout the wilderness of Ohio, Pennsylvania and Indiana planting apple seeds. Also, he gave seeds and seedlings to the settlers there. He became known as Johnny Appleseed.
Some apples are grown at home, but most are grown commercially.
Each year, about million bushels of apples are grown in the United States, and about million bushels are grown in Canada.
A group of apple trees is
called an APPLE ORCHARD.
An apple is a firm, crisp fleshy fruit with a hard center called a core. The core has five seed chambers.
McINTOSH
STEM
SKIN
SEED CHAMBERS
called
CARPELS
SEEDS
FLESHY PART
CORE
In the springtime, flowers called apple blossoms begin to bloom on the apple trees.
Each blossom has to be pollinated in order for an apple to grow. The blossoms are usually pollinated by insects or by the wind.
POLLINATION happens
when a grain of pollen
from a stamen lands on
the stigma of another
blossom.
POLLEN
STAMEN
STIGMA
After a while the blossoms begin to die and apples start to grow.
Throughout the warm summer the little apples grow bigger and bigger.
During the late summer or early fall the apples ripen.
GOLDEN DELICIOUS
When the trees are loaded with ripe apples, it is harvest time. Workers pick the apples by hand.
Some are shipped to stores. Some are used to make apple juice, apple cider, apple jelly, applesauce and lots of other apple products.
Some are sold in baskets at roadside stands.
During the fall, it is fun to go apple picking.
Also, there are country fairs. Awards are given to the best looking apples, the best tasting apple pies and the most delicious applesauce. There is apple cider, too.
During Halloween, there are caramel apples and candy apples.
Some people bob for apples.
DORMANT means alive
but not actively growing.
When winter arrives, the apple tree branches become bare. The trees will become dormant until the next spring...