Alex David - The British Monarchy Miscellany: A Collection of Royal Facts, Lists and Trivia

TheBritish MonarchyMiscellanyA Collection ofRoyal Facts, Lists and TriviaBy Alex David 2017, 2018, 2019 Alex David. First Edition Published Independently through Amazon KDP 2017. This Updated Edition Published Independently through Amazon KDP 2019. London, United Kingdom Authors contacts and web presence: Website: www.alex-david.com Twitter: @alexdavidwriter Email: alexdavidwriter@yahoo.co.uk Cover image: Charles II by John Michael Wright, c.1676. Reproduced by kind permission of Royal Collection Trust. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017.

This book is respectfully and humbly dedicated to His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. CONTENTS

MONARCHS The First King of England Royal Dynasties The Monarchs of Anglo-Saxon England From Alfred the Great to 1066 The Monarchs of Scotland From Kenneth MacAlpin to 1707 The Monarchs of England/Great Britain/ United Kingdom Since 1066 Monarchs Fact Sheets William I William II Henry I Stephen Henry II Richard I John Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Richard II Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Grey: Monarch or Not? Mary I Elizabeth I James I Charles I The Interregnum Charles II James II William III and Mary II Anne George I George II George III George IV William IV Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II The 5 Longest Reigns The 5 Shortest Reigns The 5 Longest-Lived Monarchs The 5 Shortest-Lived Monarchs The 5 Oldest Monarchs at Accession The 5 Youngest Monarchs at Accession Breakdown of Male-to-Female Monarchs in England/Britain Since 1066 English/British Monarchs Born Outside England English/British Monarchs Born in the Modern Greater London Area Causes of Death of Monarchs Burial Places of Monarchs FAMILY Queens and Royal Consorts Since 1066 The 5 Longest-Lived Royal Consorts The 5 Shortest-Lived Royal Consorts The 5 Longest-Serving Royal Consorts The 5 Shortest-Serving Royal Consorts The 5 Longest Marriages of Monarchs and Consorts The 5 Shortest Marriages of Monarchs and Consorts Monarchs Who Never Married Some Monarchs Who Married their Cousins Royal Children Monarchs With the Most Children Monarchs Who Died Childless Monarchs With Confirmed Illegitimate Children Royal Mistresses Royal Illegitimate Children Kings Who Married With No Record of Mistresses or Illegitimate Children English/British Princesses Who Became Foreign Queens Queen Victorias Forty Grandchildren Haemophilia in the Royal Family Current Blood Relations of the British Royal Family to Other European Royal Families Queen Elizabeth IIs Descent From William the Conqueror and From Alfred the Great The Current Line of Succession The Current Royal Family CEREMONY AND CONSTITUTION Royal Family Titles British Honours and Decorations The Sovereigns Guard Royal Gun Salutes Some Royal Ceremonies and Events Throughout the Year The National Anthem: God Save the Queen The Royal Residences Walter Bagehot on Monarchy The Monarchy and Government Most Prime Ministers for a Monarch The Oath of Allegiance The Monarchy and the Law The Monarchy and the Church The Monarchy and the Armed Forces Royal Honorary Positions in the Armed Forces 555 ARTS AND TREASURES The Royal Collection Artists Represented in the Royal Collection Royal Patrons of the Arts Great Treasures Owned by the Monarchy Lost Royal Treasures The Crown Jewels The Personal Jewels of the Royal Family The Royal Philatelic Collection Notable Royal Music Notable Royal Artists Royal Writers William Shakespeares Royal Plays MISCELLANEA Royal Towns and Settlements Londons Royal Parks Londons Royal Statues Royal Coaches Countries Officially Visited by Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2018 Notable Films on Royal History Some Notable Royal Pets Some Rules to Follow When Meeting the British Monarch How to Write to Members of the Royal Family Sources About the Author More British Monarchy Miscellany! This book was written for two reasons. The first one is that I am an insatiably curious person. Who was the first king of England? Which monarch and consort had the longest marriage? What happened to illegitimate children of kings? How many royal statues are in London? As I kept exploring the subject of the British monarchy, questions like these arose in my mind, and for each of them I was often forced to look up the answer in different places, or sometimes research the answer from scratch myself when it was not clearly available anywhere. I certainly could not find any single reference work containing answers to all my curious questions, so, to paraphrase politician and writer Benjamin Disraeli (a monarchy expert himself), since I could not find the book I needed, I wrote it. The second reason is a matter of conviction.

My interest in the British monarchy is not superficial or arbitrary. I do believe in constitutional monarchy as a political and social system, and in the benefits that it brings to the UK. One of my purposes in writing this work was to show the many ways in which the monarchy is inextricably connected to the political, social and cultural life of this 13 country. The Monarchs Facts Sheets illustrate how the lives of individual monarchs affected the history of England and then Britain. Chapters on royal ceremonies and on the National Anthem show how the monarchy has shaped the formation of national traditions. The sections on the monarchy and government, the monarchy and the church, and the monarchy and the Armed Forces were created to show how these social and political institutions are all chained together through the monarch, the almost invisible but ever-present link bringing the whole state together under one crown.

Even chapters on royal writers, artists and patrons of the arts are meant to spotlight the individual contributions of Royal Family members to British cultural life. The monarchy is not just members of the Royal Family waving from a balcony on important occasions. It is an institution with roots and branches reaching into every part of life in the UK, which is one of the reasons why this book has been structured into different sections highlighting different areas. This however is not a manual. To write a complete manual or encyclopaedia on all the subjects associated with the British monarchy would take an extremely lengthy and superhuman effort. I know.

The research I undertook initially to write a British monarchy manual produced a rough first draft of over 200,000 words (over 700 pages) before even completing half the project! Hence, this is instead a miscellany, a collection of the 14 most valuable and interesting information on the British Monarchy. Even with a miscellany however I found it difficult to fit all interesting and valuable information in one single work, so, in the interest of publishing a book and presenting this information before I was old and grey, I decided to publish this initial collection of facts and trivia. Any royal topic that is not found in this book was by no means considered unworthy of inclusion, it was only omitted this time around. A further collection of royal facts, lists and trivia will be published in a second book later (see More British Monarchy Miscellany! at the end of the book). Do not let the words miscellany and trivia mislead you on the quality of the information contained here however. All the information in this book has been scrupulously researched and checked for accuracy: a full list of sources can be found at the end.

Because of the many areas covered, I have tried to be accurate, yes, but also as concise as possible, so that what is written in here might serve not as a complete account of things but as a basic guide, a springboard to learn more. I have also, for the sake of conciseness and a strict focus, concentrated solely on the English/British monarchy starting at the Norman Conquest of 1066. More information on the Anglo-Saxon monarchy and Scottish monarchy will be included in the second book. I have striven to be fair and objective in compiling lists and presenting information, though in some cases I found it necessary to be guided by 15 my personal judgement where it mattered. For example, few historians consider Eadred to be a candidate for the first king of England, but I do; I do not consider Lady Jane Grey to have a been a legitimate monarch (see my explanation in

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