Joseph M. Levine [Levine - The Battle of the Books: History and Literature in the Augustan Age

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The frontispiece to Swift's Battle of the Books (1710), reproduced by permission of Cornell University Libraries

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Joseph M. Levine

THE BATTLE OF THE BOOKS
History and Literature in the Augustan Age

Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON

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PUBLICATION OF THIS BOOK WAS ASSISTED BY A GRANT FROM THE PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM OF THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES, AN INDEPENDENT FEDERAL AGENCY.

Copyright 1991 by Cornell University

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, 124 Roberts Place, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 1991 by Cornell University Press.

International Standard Book Number 0-8014-2537-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 90-55735

Printed in the United States of America

Librarians: Library of Congress cataloging information appears on the last page of the book.

+ The paper in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences -

Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48- 1984.

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FOR Ollie A. Learnard

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[This page intentionally left blank.] -vi-

Contents

Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Introduction

PARTNE.LITERATURE 1 Wotton vs. Temple (1) Temple's career; (2) Temple's Essay; (3) Burnet's Sacred Theory and Fontenelle's Digression; (4) Temple's reply; (5) Preliminary skirmishes and Wotton's Reflections; (6) Temple vs. Wotton: The argument over history; (7) Wotton vs. Temple: The argument over philology 2 Bentley vs. Christ Church (1) Bentley vs. Joshua Barnes; (2) Bentley and Wotton; (3) The Christ Church wits; (4) Boyle against Bentley; (5) Wits and learned men; (6) Bentley replies: The Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris; (7) Bentley's argument continued; the first exchange ends in a draw 3 Stroke and Counterstroke (1) Philosophers look on: Locke and Leibniz; (2) Chronologists join the fray: William Lloyd and (3) Henry Dodwell; (4) William King joins the wits; (5) Christ Church strikes back; (6) Swift's Tale of a Tub and (7) Battle of the Books 4 The Querelle (1) A lull in the battle; (2) Charles Perrault and the quarrel over Homer; (3) Boileau leads the defense of antiquity; (4) Satire: Franols de Callires; (5) Madame Dacier resumes the quarrel;

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(6) Homer defended; (7) The moderns counterattack: La Motte and Terrasson; (8) Boivin and the shield of Achilles 5 Ancient Greece and Modern Scholarship (1) Homeric scholarship; (2) Barnes edits the Iliad; (3) Bentley's Homer; (4) Greek antiquities and Oriental voyages; (5) Homeric antiquities and the Apotheosis of Homer 6 Pope's Iliad (1) Pope and pastoral; (2) The quarrel over pastoral; (3) Pope attempts the Iliad; (4) Pope's translation; (5) Pope and the querelle; (6) Pope's scholarship; (7) Pope's learned commentary; (8) Pope and Greek antiquities; (9) Pope and the shield of Achilles 7 Pope and the Quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns (1) Pope's critics; (2) Pope's translation and the quarrel; (3) Pope's Shakespeare and Lewis Theobald; (4) Joseph Trapp and the Aeneid; (5) Pope replies to his critics: The Dunciad and (6) The new Dunciad 8 Bentley's Milton (1) Paradise Lost and the critics; (2) Bentley corrects the text; (3) Bentley's method and his critics

PART TWO. HISTORY 9 History and Theory (1) History in the battle of the books; (2) The "ancient" idea of history; (3) Dryden's view of history; (4) Some "modern" views: Wotton and Locke; (5) Wheare and Le Clerc; (6) Addison on history; (7) Some bridges between the ancients and moderns: Thomas Hearne and William Nicolson 10 Ancients (1) The need for a new history of England; (2) Temple's Introduction and Daniels's Collection; (3) Temple and the classical ideas of history; (4) Temple's scheme; (5) Swift's attempt; (6) The Complete History begun; (7) The Complete History completed; (8) Tyrrell against Brady 11 Moderns (1) Historical scholarship and the new Britannia; (2) Numismatics: Walker and Evelyn; (3) Wotton's History of Rome; (4) Hickes's Thesaurus; (5) Wotton's summary of the Thesaurus; (6) Thomas Madox and the idea of antiquarian scholarship

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12 Ancients and Moderns (1) Classicists and Saxonists: Thomas Salmon's Historical Collections; (2) Elizabeth Elstob vs. Swift; (3) The Society of Antiquaries; (4) Horsley's Britannia Romana; (5) The antiquaries and their critics; (6) Wotton's defense of Hebrew learning; (7) Wotton and the Tower of Babel; (8) Wotton and Celtic scholarship: The laws of Hywel Dha Conclusion Index

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Illustrations

The frontispiece to Swift's Battle of the Books (1710) frontis

The frontispiece to A Tale of a Tub (1710)

The frontispiece to the English translation of Franois de Callires's Histoire potique de la guerre remment dclare entre les anciens et les modernes (1714)

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