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Pierre Berton - The Last Spike: The Great Railway, 1881-1885

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In the four years between 1881 and 1885, Canada was forged into one nation by the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Last Spike reconstructs the incredible story of how some 2,000 miles of steel crossed the continent in just five years exactly half the time stipulated in the contract. Pierre Berton recreates the adventures that were part of this vast undertaking: the railway on the brink of bankruptcy, with one hour between it and ruin; the extraordinary land boom of Winnipeg in 18811882; and the epic tale of how William Van Horne rushed 3,000 soldiers over a half-finished railway to quell the Riel Rebellion.
Dominating the whole saga are the men who made it all possible a host of astonishing characters: Van Horne, the powerhouse behind the vision of a transcontinental railroad; Rogers, the eccentric surveyor; Onderdonk, the cool New Yorker; Stephen, the most emotional of businessmen; Father Lacombe, the black-robed voyageur; Sam Steele, of the North West Mounted Police; Gabriel Dumont, the Prince of the Prairies; more than 7,000 Chinese workers, toiling and dying in the canyons of the Fraser Valley; and many more land sharks, construction geniuses, politicians, and entrepreneurs all of whom played a role in the founding of the new Canada west of Ontario

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Late events have shown us that we are made one people by that road that that - photo 1

Late events have shown us that we are made one people by that road, that that iron link has bound us together in such a way that we stand superior to most of the shafts of ill-fortune

Sir John A. Macdonald, June, 1885

All I can say is that the work has been done well in every way.

W. C. Van Horne, at Craigellachie

Copyright 1971 by Pierre Berton Enterprises Ltd Anchor Canada paperback - photo 2

Copyright 1971 by Pierre Berton Enterprises Ltd.
Anchor Canada paperback edition 2001

All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication, reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system without the prior written consent of the publisher or, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a license from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency is an infringement of the copyright law.

Anchor Canada and colophon are trademarks.

National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data

Berton, Pierre, 1920
The last spike : the great railway 18811885

eISBN: 978-0-385-67354-9

1. Canadian Pacific Railway Company History 19th century. 2. Canada History 1867-1914. 3. Railroads and state Canada History 19th century. 4. Railroads Canada History 19th century. I. Title.

HE2810.C2B482 2001 385.0971 C2001-930605-9

Published in Canada by
Anchor Canada, a division of
Random House of Canada Limited

Visit Random House of Canada Limiteds website:

www.randomhouse.ca

v3.1

Books by Pierre Berton

The Royal Family

The Mysterious North

Klondike

Just Add Water and Stir

Adventures of a Columnist

Fast Fast Fast Relief

The Big Sell

The Comfortable Pew

The Cool, Crazy, Committed World of the Sixties

The Smug Minority

The National Dream

The Last Spike

Drifting Home

Hollywoods Canada

My Country

The Dionne Years

The Wild Frontier

The Invasion of Canada

Flames Across the Border

Why We Act Like Canadians

The Promised Land

Vimy

Starting Out

The Arctic Grail

The Great Depression

Niagara: A History of the Falls

My Times: Living with History

1967, The Last Good Year

Picture Books

The New City (with Henri Rossier)

Remember Yesterday

The Great Railway

The Klondike Quest

Pierre Bertons Picture Book of Niagara Falls

Winter

The Great Lakes

Seacoasts

Pierre Bertons Canada

Anthologies

Great Canadians

Pierre and Janet Bertons Canadian Food Guide

Historic Headlines

Farewell to the Twentieth Century

Worth Repeating

Welcome to the Twenty-first Century

Fiction

Masquerade (pseudonym Lisa Kroniuk)

Books for Young Readers

The Golden Trail

The Secret World of Og

Adventures in Canadian History (22 volumes)

Contents
Maps

Drawn by Courtney C. J. Bond

Cast of Major Characters

The Politicians

Sir John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada, 186773, 187891.

Sir Charles Tupper, Minister of Railways, 187984; High Commissioner to London, 188496.

John Henry Pope, Minister of Agriculture, 187885; Minister of Railways and Canals, 188589. Tuppers deputy during his absence.

Senator Frank Smith, Minister without Portfolio, 188291. Wholesale grocer and railway executive.

Edward Blake, Leader of the Liberal opposition, 188087.

Edgar Dewdney, Indian Commissioner, Manitoba and North West Territories, 187988; Lieutenant-Governor of the North West Territories, 188188.

The CPR Syndicate

George Stephen, president of the CPR , 188188. Former president of the Bank of Montreal. He helped Donald Smith and James J. Hill organize the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway in late 70s.

Duncan McIntyre, vice-president of the CPR , 188184. President of the Canada Central Railway.

James J. Hill, member of the executive committee of the CPR , 188183. Organized the Great Northern Railroad in the United States.

Richard Bladworth Angus, member of the executive committee of the CPR . Elected vice-president in 1883. Former general manager of the Bank of Montreal.

Donald A. Smith, Labrador fur trader who rose to become resident governor and Chief Commissioner of the Hudsons Bay Company in Canada. A major CPR stockholder and a director after 1883.

John S. Kennedy, New York banker allied with Hill, Stephen, and Smith in the St. Paul railway venture.

The Pathfinders

General Thomas Lafayette Rosser, chief engineer of the CPR , 188182; former chief engineer for the Northern Pacific Railroad.

J. H. E. Secretan, locating engineer, head of a CPR survey party on the prairies.

Charles Aeneas Shaw, locating engineer, head of a CPR survey party on the prairies and later in the mountains.

Major A. B. Rogers, engineer in charge of the mountain division of the CPR . Formerly locating engineer for the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad.

Tom Wilson, packer and guide, friend of Major Rogers.

Henry J. Cambie, former Canadian government engineer. Engineer for Andrew Onderdonk on Contract 60 in the Fraser Canyon area and later for the CPR between Kamloops and Eagle Pass.

Marcus Smith, the Canadian governments inspecting engineer on the Onderdonk contract between Port Moody and Emory in British Columbia.

Collingwood Schreiber, the governments engineer-in-chief, formerly chief engineer of the government-owned Intercolonial Railway.

The Builders

Alpheus B. Stickney, general superintendent of the CPRS western division, 1881; formerly superintendent of construction on the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway.

William Cornelius Van Horne, general manager of the CPR , 1882; vice-president and general manager, 1884; president, 188899; chairman of the board, 18991910. Formerly general superintendent, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad.

John Egan, superintendent of the CPRS western division after 1882. Formerly divisional superintendent, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad.

Thomas Shaughnessy, general purchasing agent of the CPR , 188285; assistant general manager, 1885; vice-president and general manager, 1888; president, 18991917. Formerly general storekeeper, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad.

Harry Abbott, in charge of the eastern section of the CPRS Lake Superior construction.

John Ross, in charge of the western section of the CPRS Lake Superior construction.

James Ross, in charge of construction for the CPRS mountain division. Built the Credit Valley Railway, 187879.

Andrew Onderdonk, contractor in charge of government construction between Port Moody and Savonas Ferry on Kamloops Lake, 188185. Also built section of CPR line between Savonas Ferry and Craigellachie in Eagle Pass.

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