The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous contribution to this book provided by the General Endowment of the University of California Press Associates. University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England All of Lorine Niedecker's work appears here by permission of her literary executor, Cid Corman. Page i: Photographs of Lorine Niedecker (1922, 1967) courtesy of Bonnie Roub. Pages ii, 19, and 301: Ella MacBride,
, ca. 1924 (detail). 2002 by the Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Niedecker, Lorine.
[Works. 2002]
Collected works / Lorine Niedecker ; edited by Jenny Penberthy.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-520-22433-7 (cloth : alk. paper)ISBN 0-520-22434-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. paper)
I.
Penberthy, Jenny Lynn, 1953- II. Title.
PS3527.I6 2002
811'.54dc21
2001005376
CIP Manufactured in the United States of America
12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z3 9.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). for Kenneth Cox
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Lorine Niedecker's work has attracted the dedication of extraordinary people, many of whom have contributed to this long-awaited book. I am deeply fortunate to have met and worked with them. Cid Corman in Kyoto, Japan, is Niedecker's literary executor and champion. Cid has given me his trust and unstinting support throughout the long years of work on this book and others.
Many many thanks to him. Another friend of Niedecker's, Kenneth Cox, deserves my profound thanks. From London, Kenneth has read and made astute comments on my work for fifteen years. I depend upon his sharp eye and keen mind. This book is dedicated to him. I very much regret that Gail Roub, Niedecker's friend and champion on home ground in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, did not live to see this book.
Gail contributed generously to this and other books on Niedecker with his immediate, unhesitating supply of crucial information, documents, and photographs. He worked energetically to promote Niedecker's recognition both locally and further afield. Bonnie Roub and family continue that work today. Many thanks to them too for their support. Another Fort Atkinson resident has been essential to my study of Niedecker. Marilla Fuge, voluntary archivist of the Lorine Niedecker Collection in the Dwight Foster Public Library in Fort Atkinson, has kept me informed of her ongoing and thorough research into the Niedecker and Kunz family histories, and indeed of all Niedecker-related events in the community.
The information she supplies me with is essential to my understanding of Niedecker's life on Black Hawk Island. Contact with Marilla is always a pleasure. Other members of the Niedecker committee in Fort Atkinson have shown me hospitality. I remember with pleasure Joan and Milo Jones, and Bill and Bobbie Starke. Karl Gartung and Ann Kingsley in Milwaukee have been warm friends and dedicated inventive promoters of Niedecker's poetry. My thanks to both of them.
Many others have helped me compile this edition. Here in Vancouver, British Columbia, Peter Quartermain deserves particular thanks for his meticulous readings of the final manuscript and for spirited encouragements along the way. For their essential contributions of various kinds, I also thank Eliot Weinberger, Marjorie Perloff, Michael Davidson, Jerry Reisman, Glenna Breslin, Jonathan Williams, Tom Meyer, Harry Gilonis, Alec Finlay, Jonathan Greene, Laura Furman, Sharon Thesen, Michele Leggott, Lisa Robertson, the late Joan Hardwick, Keith Alldritt, Linda McDaniel, David Martin, Rebecca Newth, and Capilano College. Tandy Sturgeon deserves special thanks since it was she who first persuaded the University of California Press to take on the publication of this book. We initially began the project together; after she withdrew, she generously allowed me to continue to use her dissertation disk copy of the text of the poems. Many libraries and librarians have given me access to materials and have been generous with their help.
I would like to thank Cathy Henderson, Tara Wenger, and Pat Fox at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin; Gene Bridwell and the late Charles Watts at the Contemporary Literature Collection, W.A.C. Bennett Library at Simon Fraser University; Rodney Phillips at the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature at the New York Public Library; the Dwight Foster Public Library in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin (Lorine Niedecker Collection); Special Collections at the Stanford University Libraries (Robert Creeley Papers); the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University (Yale Collection of American Literature); and the Department of Special Collections at Boston University Library (Lorine Niedecker Collection). Thanks to Clayton Eshleman, who published Next Year or I Fly My Rounds, Tempestuous in Sulfur 41 (Fall 1997): 4271. Linda Norton, my editor at the University of California Press, has been a pleasure to work with.
Her enthusiasm for Niedecker's poetry and her confidence in the importance of this book have sustained me through the years. I am also indebted to senior editor Rachel Berchten and copyeditor Kathleen MacDougall for their meticulous care in managing the production of the book. Finally, my deepest thanks go to my familymy husband, Ren, and our sons, Julian and Thomasfor graciously enduring the interruptions to family life caused by this project. J. P.
LIFE AND WRITING
The Brontes had their moors, I have my marshes, Lorine Niedecker wrote of watery, flood-prone Black Hawk Island near the town of Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, where she lived most of her life.
Although few people endured for long the seasonal hardships of life on Black Hawk Island, Niedecker's attachments to the place ran deep. Her life by water could not have been further removed from the avant-garde poetry scene where she also made herself a home. Lorine was an only child born on May 12, 1903, to Theresa (Daisy) Kunz and Henry Niedecker. The Kunz family owned much of the islandlow-lying land bounded by the Rock River and Lake Koshkonongincluding the Fountain House Inn, which they operated until Daisy's marriage to Henry in 1901. As a wedding gift, the couple were given several large properties on the island including the Inn, which they ran until 1910 when they sold it on account of Daisy's illness. In the course of Lorine's birth, her mother had lost her hearing and had gradually declined into isolation and depression over the following years.
Even so, the collection of photographs from Lorine's youth depicts a congenial childhood. There are many images of large family gatherings beside the river at the Inn, everyone dressed in turn-of-the-century finery. Lorine had a close relationship with her grandparents, particularly Gottfried Kunz, a happy, outdoor grandfather who somehow, somewhere had got hold of nursery and folk rhymes to entrance me. After the sale of the Fountain House Inn, Henry divided up the Niedecker property into lots, sold some of them, and built and rented cabins on others. He turned the Inn's pleasure launches into fishing boats and with a partner operated a very successful carp-fishing business. Lorine recalled, I spent my childhood outdoorsred-winged blackbirds, willows, maples, boats, fishing (the smell of tarred nets), twittering and squawking noises from the marsh.