In honor of beloved Virgil
O degli altri poeti onore e lume
Dante, Inferno
HELLENISTIC CULTURE AND SOCIETY
General Editors: Anthony W. Bulloch, Erich S. Gruen, A. A. Long, and Andrew F. Stewart
I. Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age, by Peter Green
II. Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations from Syria to Central Asia after Alexander, edited by Amlie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White
III. The Question of Eclecticism: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy, edited by J. M. Dillon and A. A. Long
IV. Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State, by Richard A. Billows
V. A History of Macedonia, by R. Malcolm Errington, translated by Catherine Errington
VI. Attic Letter-Cutters of 229 to 86 B.C., by Stephen V. Tracy
VII. The Vanished Library: A Wonder of the Ancient World, by Luciano Canfora
VIII. Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind, by Julia Annas
IX. Hellenistic History and Culture, edited by Peter Green
X. The Best of the Argonauts: The Redefinition of the Epic Hero in Book One of Apollonius' Argonautica, by James J. Clauss
XI. Faces of Power: Alexander's Image and Hellenistic Politics, by Andrew Stewart
XII. Images and Ideologies: Self-definition in the Hellenistic World, edited by A. W. Bulloch, E. S. Gruen, A. A. Long, and A. Stewart
XIII. From Samarkhand to Sardis: A New Approach to the Seleucid Empire, by Susan Sherwin-White and Amlie Kuhrt
XIV. Regionalism and Change in the Economy of Independent Delos, 314167 B.C., by Gary Reger
XV. Hegemony to Empire: The Development of the Roman Imperium in the East from 148 to 62 B.C., by Robert Kallet-Marx
XVI. Moral Vision in the Histories of Polybius, by Arthur M. Eckstein
XVII. The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, The Islands, and Asia Minor, by Getzel M. Cohen
XVIII. Interstate Arbitrations in the Greek World, 33790 B.C., by Sheila L. Ager
XIX. Theocritus's Urban Mimes: Mobility, Gender, and Patronage, by Joan B. Burton
XX. Athenian Democracy in Transition: Attic Letter Cutters of 340 to 290 B.C., by Stephen V. Tracy
XXI. Pseudo-Hecataeus, On the Jews: Legitimizing the Jewish Diaspora, by Bezalel Bar-Kochva
XXII. Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World, by Kent J. Rigsby
XXIII. The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy, R. Bracht Branham and Marie-Odile Goule-Caz, editors
XXIV. The Politics of Plunder: Aitolians and their Koinon in The Early Hellenistic Era, 279217 B.C., by Joseph B. Scholten
XXV. The Argonautika by Apollonios Rhodios, translated, with introduction, commentary, and glossary, by Peter Green
XXVI. Hellenistic Constructs: Culture, History, and Historiography, edited by Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey, and Erich Gruen
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
1997, 2007 by
Peter Green
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Apollonius Rhodius.
[Argonautica. English]
The Argonautika/by Apollonios Rhodios; translated, with introduction, commentary, and glossary, by Peter Green.
p. cm.(Hellenistic culture and society; 25)
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 978-0-520-25393-3 (pbk: alk.)
1. Epic poetry, GreekTranslations into English. 2. Argonauts (Greek mythology)Poetry. 3. Jason (Greek mythology)Poetry. 4. Medea (Greek mythology)Poetry. I. Green, Peter, 1924 . II. Title. III. Series.
PA3872.E5 1997b
883'.01dc20 9624772
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
14 13 12 11
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z39.481984.
To C. M. C. G.
amicae, uxori, collegae
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Like most of my books, this one has taken far too long in the making. I began the translation in 1988, in the comfortable and benignly user-friendly environment provided by the library of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens. The first draft was completed by 1991 and has undergone several major revisions since. I did not start work on the commentary until 1992, using the interim period to absorb a large amount of the remarkably prolific scholarship on Apollonios publishedafter a long period of droughtduring the past two decades, springing up (as Virginia Knight recently observed) as thickly as Jason's Sown Men from the ploughland of Kolchis. Thus translation and commentary assumed, to a surprising extent, quite separate characters in my mind, so that the problems I explored in my notes kept modifying earlier assumptions made while turning Apollonios's difficult Greek into English. The Glossary, not begun until the original version of my commentary was complete, emerged as a far more complex and lengthy undertaking than I had ever envisaged: in addition, it too shed fresh light on aspects of the Argonaut legend, not least by forcing me to recognize the interwoven, not to say ingrown, mythical family associations of Apollonios's heroic-age characters. Only connect was the phrase that kept recurring to me: two generations of epic nobility in which almost everyone, Jason not least, could claim kinship (by blood or marriage) to everyone else. Thus the quest for the Fleece began to take on some of the aspects of a family affair.
This take on the genealogical side of Greek myth was given a further boost by research I was carrying out, some two years ago, for an article with the tell-tale title These fragments have I shored against my ruins: Apollonios Rhodios and the Social Revaluation of Myth for a New Age. I found myself tracing, inter alia, the Rezeptionsgeschichte of myth-as-history, or historicized myth, from Homer to the Hellenistic era, with sometimes surprising results. One fact that emerged with quite startling clarity from this was the existence of a deep-rooted and well-nigh universal faith in the actuality of mythic narrative. These things, the Greeks were convinced, really happened, and such phenomena as allegory or historicist rationalization were simply devices exploited, as knowledge grew, to justify (or, failing that, explain away) the more embarrassingly archaic and outr features of traditional legend. I found a marvelous reductio ad absurdum of the rationalizing trend in Dionysios Skytobrachion's version of the Argonaut legend, epitomized at considerable length by Diodoros Siculus. This leached out the myth's entire magical or supernatural substructureno fire-breathing bulls, no Clashing Rocksand turned Medeia herself from a powerful virgin sorceress into a progressive rationalist do-gooder, not unlike Shaw's Major Barbara, with useful additional expertise in herbal and homoeopathic medicine. By contrast, Apollonios began to look, for the mid third century, quite remarkably old-fashioned.
Here was something with an unexpected ripple effect. The more I studied text and context, the less Alexandrian Apollonios looked, the more a courageous (or antediluvian, according to one's attitude) throwback to the archaic worldview enshrined in literature from Homer to Pindar. Yes, he had the self-conscious irony inevitable in a highly literate scholar-poet overaware of his literary heritage; yes, he had the characteristic Alexandrian preoccupation with roots, perhaps exacerbated by that