Ethics and Values
Ethics and values cover the standards of right and wrong and the personal qualities that support a persons ability to judge and act upon ethical norms. Ethical standards guide decisions and focus behavior for right or wrong action. They anchor a persons sense of personal and professional integrity. They also provide fundamental threads to weave together the narrative of personal identity and integrity that individuals use to define whom they are as persons.
Ethics and values are also embedded in qualities of character. These character virtues such as courage, conscientiousness, prudence and fidelity provide the emotional and cognitive dispositions and psychological foundation to focus attention, motivate and sustain good judgment and actions.
Every decision managers and leaders take in organizations involves ethics. The quality of life and welfare of people in and out of the organization are impacted by decisions ranging from hiring and firing, to demanding competence to listening and addressing the issues of uneven or disrespectful service. Peoples lives and the conditions of common welfare such as water quality, public health and delivery of needed services to vulnerable people are impacted day in and day out. The criteria of the decisions, the tenacity with which they are pursued, and the competence and accountability of their execution implicate the basic ethical integrity, norms and character of the managerial leaders.
The design of an organization, its incentive structures and above all its informal and formal patterns of culture are prime determinants of whether a government or nonprofit organization will sustain high performance informed by strong public values. Attention to building and sustaining value driven performance becomes even more important as the political environment throws up obstacles to action or throws up actors seeking to subvert the performance of a public organization. This focus upon public values and character provides a robust lens through which leaders can focus their personal and institutional attention to nurture value informed actions.
In the end the design, structures and culture depend for their sustained influence on the committed and relentless attention, decisions and actions of senior and midlevel managers and leaders. Individuals holding positions of responsibility throughout organizations carry the power and capacity to concentrate the trained judgment of personnel and hold persons accountable to achieve the mission of public and nonprofit organizations as stewards of broad public purpose.
This book develops a framework and language of ethical values and character that can help leaders and managers appreciate and articulate the importance of values and character in leading effectively and building strong organizational cultures. It provides an account to help managerial leaders train their judgment to attend to ethical aspects of decisions in all decisions. These frames can guide deliberation, judgment and assessment for managerial leading.
The book develops this approach by discussing: the role of ethics in organizations; the nature of public values and commitments; their role in building strong public and nonprofit organizations; the range of values needed; and the strategies, tactics and skills needed by leaders and managers to generate these values and behaviors. It analyzes the unethical and illegal behaviors and norms that can undermine public value driven organizations. It devotes particular attention to the tendencies that subvert judgment and undermine organizational integrity. The book identifies leverage points that leaders can focus attention on to avert these dangers. It underlines the obligation to build a positive value driven organization. It concludes by examining a coordinated set of mental models that can inform managerial leadership. This leadership seeks to develop value supported high performance organizations by integrating daily management into long-term commitment to norms as well as forging the power and resource foundations to sustain mission-based results.