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James C. Halfpenny - Field Guide to Mammal Tracking in North America

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Animal tracks in the snow of the mountain forest, in the mud along a streambank, or in the sand of the desert are much more than footprints. James Halfpennys Field Guide will allow the nature lover to satisfy his or her curiosity by identifying the animal that left the prints. But identification is only the beginning of a fascinating activity: interpretation is the rewarding goal of this book. With it anyone can be a nature detective, able to reconstruct the behavior of mammals from mice to moose. Tracks tell stories and the user of this book can read them. Based on field research, much of it the authors own, the book brings the amateur naturalist the latest information on animal gaits and the interpretation of scat.

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title A Field Guide to Mammal Tracking in North America author - photo 1

title:A Field Guide to Mammal Tracking in North America
author:Halfpenny, James C.
publisher:Johnson Books
isbn10 | asin:0933472986
print isbn13:9780933472983
ebook isbn13:9780585024721
language:English
subjectTracking and trailing--North America, Animal tracks--North America, Mammals--North America.
publication date:1986
lcc:QL768.H35 1986eb
ddc:599.07
subject:Tracking and trailing--North America, Animal tracks--North America, Mammals--North America.
Field Guide to Mammal Tracking in North America - photo 2
A Field Guide to Mammal Tracking in North - photo 3
A Field Guide to Mammal Tracking in North America James Halfpenny - photo 4
A Field Guide to
Mammal Tracking
in North America
James Halfpenny
illustrations by Elizabeth Biesiot
Johnson Books
BOULDER
1986 byJames C. Halfpenny and Elizabeth A. Biesiot
Cover design by Trish Wilkinson
Second Edition
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
ISBN 0-933472-98-6
LCCCN 86-80167
Printed in the United States of America by
Johnson Printing Company
1880 South 57th Court
Boulder, Colorado 80301
To my parents for all their years of support and caring.
Jim
To my whole extended family.
Liz
Contents
Acknowledgements
xi
1.
Introduction
1
2.
Using This Guide
7
3.
The Basics
9
4.
Tracking Techniques
24
5.
Dog Family
35
6.
Cat Family
41
7.
Rabbit Order
46
8.
Rodent Order
50
9.
Bear Family
61
10.
Weasel Family
81
11.
Raccoon Family
91
12.
Opossum Family
95
13.
Shrew Family
96
14.
Even-Toed Ungulates
97
15.
Reading Trails
106
16.
Scatology
135
Bibliography
149
Index
153
Page xi
Acknowledgements
Since 1967 when I took my first photographs of tracks, many individuals have shared in field experiences and helped gather the knowledge contained in this book. Others have loaned me their photographs, collections, or notes or in some other way contributed to my knowledge of tracking. I wish to express my thanks to my colleagues and companions: Dave Armstrong, Nancy Auerbach, Steve Bissell, Norm Bishop, Scot Burns, Denise Casey, Tim Clark, Willie Cunningham, Scot Elias, Bill Ervin, Louise (Richardson) Forest, Rusty Fuller, Howard Hash, Bob Hasenyager, Larry Higby, Tass Kelso, Kathy Ingraham, Nan Lederer, Chris Linville, Larry Marlow, Carron Meaney, Anna Moscichi, Dave Nead, Rick Richards, Bob Rozinski, Dave Slovisky, Roger Smith, Jay Stravers, Bruce Thompson, Betsy Webb, Olwen Williams, and Kathleen Zinnel. If I have missed thanking anyone, please accept my apologies.
I wish to thank John Emerick for his encouragement in the initial stages of producing this book. Margaret Murie also was instrumental in her understanding encouragement. Drawings were made of the foot from the otter skeleton associated by George Northrup. Wendy Stout drafted the gait patterns and scat graphs. Tom Schenck of Camren, Inc., took the color photographs of the scat.
Special thanks go to Claire Sward and George Brown for my early field days. Much of my early tracking experience was sharpened by lectures prepared and given as part of the National Outdoor Leadership School instructor training program; thanks to Paul Petzoldt. While a hunting guide and game processor in Wyoming, I received many opportunities to work with mammals and their sign; thanks to Win Condict and John Dunlap. I wish to thank all the students who have shared experiences with me while at the Aspen Center for Environmental Studies, Teton Science School, the Yellowstone Institute, and at other special courses. Many of my photographs were obtained while working for the Colorado Division of Wildlife and in Canyonlands National Park. I thank Dave Armstrong and Steve Bissell for these opportunities. During special tracking classes I gave for the Colorado Division of Wildlife and Yellowstone National Park naturalists, I benefitted from interactions with many individuals, including Norm Bishop, Chuck Loeffler, and Tom Lytle. Teton Science School supported the effort necessary to prepare the final manuscript by providing housing, working space, and access to the Murie Museum. I would like to thank Jeff Hardesty and Greg Zeigler for their help and support. The Denver Museum of Natural History and the University of Colorado Museum provided valuable access to reference collections.
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