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James L. McClelland - Mechanisms of cognitive development: behavioral and neural perspectives

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This volume considers how childrens thinking evolves during development, with a focus on the role of experience in causing change. It brings together cutting-edge research by leaders in the psychology and neurobiology of child development to examine the processes by which children learn and those that make children ready and able to learn at particular points in development. Behavioral approaches include research on the microgenesis of cognitive change over short time periods (e.g., several hour-long sessions) in specific task situations. Research on cognitive change over longer time scales (months and years) is also presented, as well as research that uses computational modeling and dynamical systems approaches to understand learning and development. Neural approaches include the study of how neuronal activity and connectivity change during acquisition of cognitive skills in children and adults. Other investigations consider the possible emergence of cognitive abilities through the maturation of brain structures and the effects of experience on the organization of functions in the brain. Developmental anomalies, such as autism and attention deficit disorder are also examined as windows on normal development. Four questions drive the volume: *Why do cognitive abilities emerge when they do during development? *What are the sources of developmental and individual differences, and of developmental anomalies in learning? *What happens in the brain when people learn? *How can experiences be ordered and timed to optimize learning? The answers to these questions have strong implications for how we educate children and remediate deficits that have impeded the development of thinking abilities. These implications are explored in several chapters in the volume, as well as in the commentaries by leading discussants.

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title Mechanisms of Cognitive Development Behavioral and Neural - photo 1


title:Mechanisms of Cognitive Development : Behavioral and Neural Perspectives Carnegie Mellon Symposia On Cognition
author:McClelland, James L.; Siegler, Robert S.
publisher:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
isbn10 | asin:0805832750
print isbn13:9780805832754
ebook isbn13:9780585377193
language:English
subjectCognition--Congresses.
publication date:2001
lcc:BF311.M4333 2001eb
ddc:153
subject:Cognition--Congresses.

Page i

Mechanisms of Cognitive Development:
Behavioral and Neural Perspectives.

Page ii

Carnegie Mellon Symposia on Cognition


David Klahr, Series Editor


Anderson: Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition

Carroll/Payne: Cognition and Social Behavior

Carver/Klahr: Cognition and Instruction: Twenty-Five Years of Progress

Clark/Fiske: Affect and Cognition

Cohen/Schooler: Scientific Approaches to Consciousness

Cole: Perception and Production of Fluent Speech

Farah/Ratcliff: The Neuropsychology of High-Level Vision: Collected Tutorial Essays

Granrud: Visual Perception and Cognition in Infancy

Gregg: Knowledge and Cognition

Just/Carpenter: Cognitive Processes in Comprehension

Klahr: Cognition and Instruction

Klahr/Kotovsky: Complex Information Processing: The Impact of Herbert A. Simon

Lau/Sears: Political Cognition

MacWhinney: The Emergence of Language

MacWhinney: Mechanisms of Language Acquisition

McClelland/Siegler: Mechanisms of Cognitive Development: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives

Reder: Implicit Memory and Metacognition

Siegler: Children's Thinking: What Develops?

Sophian: Origins of Cognitive Skills

Steier/Mitchell: Mind Matters: A Tribute to Allen Newell

VanLehn: Architectures for Intelligence

Page iii

Mechanisms of Cognitive Development:
Behavioral and Neural Perspectives

Edited by

James L. McClelland
Robert S. Siegler
Carnegie Mellon University

Page iv Copyright 2001 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc All rights - photo 2

Page iv

Copyright 2001 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of the book may be reproduced in
any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other
means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, New Jersey 07430-2262

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mechanisms of cognitive development : behavioral and neural perspectives /
edited by James L. McClelland, Robert S. Siegler.
p. cm. (Carnegie Mellon symposia on cognition)
Papers presented at the 29th Carnegie Mellon Symposia on Cognition
Mechanisms of Cognitive Development: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives,
held at Carnegie Mellon University, October 911, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-3275-0 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 0-8058-3276-9
(pbk. : alk. paper)
1. CognitionCongresses. I. McClelland, James L. II. Siegler, Robert S.
III. Carnegie Symposium on Cognition (29th: 1998 : Carnegie Mellon
University) IV. Series.
BF11.M432 2000
153dc21 00-033163
CIP

Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.

Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page v

Contents

Preface

ix

PART I:
STUDIES OF THE MICROGENESIS OF COGNITIVE CHANGE

Behavioral Approaches

1 Giving the Mind a Hand: The Role of Gesture in Cognitive Change

Susan Goldin-Meadow

2 Children's Discoveries and Brain-Damaged Patients' Rediscoveries

Robert S. Siegler

Neuroscience Approaches

3 Cortical Plasticity Contributing to Child Development

Michael M. Merzenich

Page vi

4 Failures to Learn and Their Remediation: A Hebbian Account

James L. McClelland

5 PET Studies of Learning and Individual Differences

Richard J. Haier

Commentary

6 Breakthroughs in Using Individual Differences to Study Learning: Comments on Goldin-Meadow, Haier, McClelland, Merzenich, and Siegler

James W. Stigler

PART II:
STUDIES OF CHANGE OVER LONGER TIME SCALES

Behavioral Approaches

7 Dynamic Mechanisms of Change in Early PerceptualMotor Development

Esther Thelen

8 Differentiation, Integration, and Covariance Mapping as Fundamental Processes in Cognitive and Neurological Growth

Robbie Case and Michael P. Mueller

9 Why Development Does (and Does Not) Occur: Evidence From the Domain of Inductive Reasoning

Deanna Kuhn

Neuroscience Approaches

10 Developing Cortical Specialization for Visual-Cognitive Function: The Case of Face Recognition

Mark H. Johnson and Michelle de Haan

Page vii

11 Variability of Developmental Plasticity

Helen J. Neville and Daphne Bavelier

Commentary

12 Time Matters in Cognitive Development

David Klahr

PART III:
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Dyslexia

13 Neural Plasticity in Dyslexia: A Window to Mechanisms of Learning Disabilities

Albert M. Galaburda and Glenn D. Rosen

Attention Deficit Disorder

14 Disruption of Inhibitory Control in Developmental Disorders: A Mechanistic Model of Implicated Frontostriatal Circuitry

B. J. Casey

Autism

15 Dynamic Cortical Systems Subserving Cognition: fMRI Studies With Typical and Atypical Individuals

Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just, Timothy Keller, Vladimir Cherkassky, Jennifer K. Roth, and Nancy Minshew

CONCLUDING COMMENTARY

16 Educating the Human Brain: A Commentary

Michael I. Posner

Author Index

Subject Index

Page viii

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Page ix

Preface

This symposium carries on a tradition that began in the Psychology Department at Carnegie Mellon University more than 30 years ago. Each meeting has brought together a small group of leading scientists to explore an issue at the forefront of the study of human cognition or a related area of psychology.

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