EKG/ECG INTERPRETATION
A Comprehensive & Systematic Steps To Learn The
12-Lead EKG/ECG Interpretation With Test Questions & Answers
Dr. Jason Lowe MD
INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of the particular heart is in order to supply an ample amount of bloodstream to peripheral cells to meet their own metabolic demands all the time. The arterial program supplies tissues plus organs throughout the particular body with o2, nutrients, hormones, plus immunologic substances. Via venous return this removes wastes through tissues, routing deoxygenated blood through the particular lungs for removal of metabolic waste products.
The heart may be the size of the fist and because small as it really is it carries a remarkable workload over the lifetime. It is better than 60 to one hundred times per moments without resting. The particular heart should be versatile and capable to change to changes within the body's metabolic demands, often within a matter associated with seconds. Vigorous workout can increase metabolic requirements of muscle tissue as much, because twenty times more than their needs throughout rest. To fulfill these demand, the particular heart accelerates it rate to increase cardiac output. Vessels must redistribute blood flow, shunting a greater proportion of blood to muscle tissues and away from internal organs.
The heart is unique and possesses several properties. It works as a pump by expanding and contracting without placing added stress on the cardiac muscle and without developing muscle fatigue. The heart pumps 4 to 8 liters per minute. This is equivalent to 6, 000 liters per day. It has an inherent capability to generate electrical impulses that maintain proper rhythm regardless of other factors, such as heart rate, and ignores inappropriate electrical signals that might over stimulate the cardiac muscle.
THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IS ABBREVIATED ECG. AN OLDER ABBREVIATION THAT IS USED SYNONYMOUSLY IS EKG.
The ECG (EKG) is a valuable diagnostic tool for the healthcare provider whether they are a doctor, nurse, or specialist in cardiac rehabilitation. Understanding the ECG (EKG) enables the healthcare provider to respond correctly and to treat dangerous and potential deadly arrhythmias as quickly and efficiently as possible. It is important to understand the mechanisms, cutting edge treatments and to know exactly what needs to be done to treat these deadly arrhythmias. New drugs and high tech equipment which can cardio-vet, defibrillate, and serve as a pace maker are constantly being evaluated and introduced into the healthcare system.
WHAT IS ECG INTERPRETATION?
An electrocardiogram or ECG, records electrical activity in the heart. An ECG machine records these electrical signals across multiple heart beats and produces an ECG strip that is interpreted by a healthcare professional.
WHAT IS EKG INTERPRETATION?
An electrocardiogram or EKG, is a test that records electrical activity across multiple heart beats and produces an EKG strip that is interpreted by a healthcare professional.
How Electrocardiograms Work - ECG Strips
To briefly summarize the components of a normal ECG tracings, it consists of waveform components which indicate electrical events during one heartbeat. These waveforms are labeled P, Q, R, S, T and U.
P wave is the first short upward movement of the ECG tracing. It indicates that the atria are contracting, pumping blood into the ventricles.
The QRS complex, normally beginning with a downward deflection, Q; a larger upwards deflection, a peak (R); and then a downwards S wave. The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization and contraction.
The PR interval indicates the transit time for the electrical signal to travel from the sinus node to the ventricles.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the middle of the particular thoracic cavity, cradled in a crate of bone the fibrous connective tissue cartilage, and muscle. This lies left from the midline of the particular mediastinum and simply above the diaphragm. The heart will be protected anteriorly simply by the sternum plus posteriorly from the backbone. Lungs can be found upon either side. The particular entire heart will be enclosed in the particular fluid-filled pericardial bard de golf. This sac assists to shield the particular heart against contamination and trauma, helps prevent friction, and helps cardiac function simply by helping with the particular free pumping actions from the heart. The particular heart includes 3 layers; Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium.
FUNCTIONALITY
Activities from the correct side from the coronary heart and the side of the coronary heart occur simultaneously.
The particular right side associated with the heart gets impure blood from your body via the particular vena cava in to the right atria. Blood is thrown from the correct atria into the particular right ventricle. Bloodstream is pumped in order to the lungs through the right ventricle via the pulmonary artery. The remaining side from the coronary heart receives oxygenated bloodstream from the lung area via the pulmonary vein into the particular left Atria. Bloodstream is ejected through the left atria to the remaining ventricle. Blood will be pumped towards the entire body from the remaining ventricle via the particular aorta. Briefly the particular Right side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs. The Left side pumps blood into the body.
The two atria and two ventricles of the heart are separated by atrioventricular valves. The action of the Right tricuspid and left Mitral (Diastole) represent the ventricle filing phase. AV-valves open during Systole; while the ventricle is in the contracting phase (empty) then the AV valves close. The Semilunar valves separate the ventricles from the arteries. The pulmonic valve separates the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery. The Aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the Aorta, during systole, allowing blood to be ejected from the heart to the rest of the body.
Strength Activity of generally the Center.
A new folks center is usually an outstanding appendage. The individual typically the new the new heart beats 70, 1000 to a hundred, 1000 times in addition to pumping systems roughly 2, 1000 gallons a time. The very center could have conquered 2-3 billion money times and distributed 50-65 million gallons of blood above the 70-90 12 months life expectancy. Your center is built of specialized muscle mass tissue able in order to sustaining ongoing defeating. This muscle cells are unique compared to bone muscle that will forces the hands in addition in order to legs. Specialized components of the myocardium put in electric control above the particular cardiac routine. These types of areas display physiologic dissimilarities coming from the leftover portion of the particular myocardium, forming the path for electric urges which motivate typically the coronary heart muscle. A couple of types of center failure cells usually are contractive and conductive. Any time typically the cells are actually from rest, these usually are electrically more negative inside with value to the exterior of the mobile. Charged particles (ions) of sodium in addition to potassium move inside and out regarding the cell ultimately causing changes that usually are sensed by electrodes within the skin. Typically, the electrical action may show being a looking up on the ECG (EKG).
