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Describes the physical features and exploration of the two planets nearest to the Sun, Mercury and Venus.
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Lerner Puolications Company A Division of Lerner Publishing Group 241 First Avenue North, Minneapolis MN 55401 U.S.A.
Website address: www.lernerbooks.com
2000 by Graham Beehag Books
All U.S. rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of Lerner Publications Company, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kerrod, Robin. Mercury and Venus / Robin Kerrod. p. cm.-(Planet library) Includes index. Summary: Describes the physical features and exploration of the two planets nearest to the Sun, Mercury, and Venus. ISBN 0-8225-3904-7 (lib. bdg.) 1. Mercury (Planet) Juvenile literature. 2. Venus (Planet) Juvenile literature. [1. Mercury (Planet) 2. Venus (Planet)] I. Title. II. Series: Kerrod, Robin. Planet library. QB611.K47 2000 99-18352 523.41dc21
Printed in Singapore by Tat Wei Printing Packaging Pte Ltd Bound in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 - OS - 05 04 03 02 01 00
Page 3
Contents
Introducing Mercury and Venus
4
Planet Mercury
8
In a Spin
10
Inside Mercury
12
Planet Venus
16
Venus's Atmosphere
18
Venus's Surface
20
Shaping the Surface
23
Probing Mercury and Venus 26
26
Life on Venus?
30
Glossary
31
Index
32
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Introducing Mercury and Venus
Mercury and Venus are two of the planets in our solar systemthe family of bodies that circle around the Sun. The solar system contains nine planets altogether, and Mercury and Venus are the only planets closer to the Sun that our home planet, Earth. Being so close to the Sun makes Mercury and Venus much hotter than Earth. In fact, temperatures on the two planets rise so high that they would melt metals such as tin and lead.
Like Earth, Mercury and Venus are made up mostly of rock. We call them terrestrial, or Earth-like, planets. Mars is the other terrestrial planet. But Mercury and Venus are quite different from Earth in most other ways. And they are also quite different from each other. For example, Venus is nearly the same size as Earth, but it is more than twice as big as Mercury. While Venus is surrounded by a thick
Mercury's surface is almost completely covered with craters. A space probe called Mariner 10 photographed the planet in 1974.
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atmosphere, or layer of gases, Mercury has only a small trace of an atmosphere.
Both Mercury and Venus have been known to astronomers for thousands of years. They can be easily seen with the naked eye, since they often shine brighter than the brightest stars. From our point of view on Earth, both planets stay quite close to the Sun. This means that we can see them only at sunrise or sunset.
Astronomers knew very little about Mercury and Venus until scientists began sending space probes to them. Even the most powerful telescopes on Earth show few features on Mercury's surface because the planet is so small and so far away. Venus is closer and larger, but we cannot see any of its surface from Earth because thick clouds always cover the planet.
Space probes, however, have taught us a great deal about the two planets. We know that Mercury is covered with craters and looks much like the Moon, while Venus is a land of huge volcanoes, unusual formations, and vast plains.
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Because Mercury and Venus circle closer to the Sun than Earth does, they always appear in the sky near the Sun. This means we can see them only just before sunrise in the east or just after sunset in the west.
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