DEJA REVIEW
PharmacologyNOTICE
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration.
This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
DEJA REVIEW
Pharmacology
Second EditionJessica A. Gleason, M.D. Stony Brook University
B.S. Pharmacology with Departmental Honors
Stony Brook, New York School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Doctor of Medicine
Stony Brook, New York Class of 2010 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department of Anesthesiology
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA St. Vincent Hospital
Department of Medicine
Worcester, MA
Copyright 2010, 2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-173678-7 MHID: 0-07-173678-6 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162729-0, MHID: 0-07-162729-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs.
To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (McGraw-Hill) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hills prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited.
Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED AS IS. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting there from. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work.
Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. This book is dedicated to Adam. Your confidence in me has enriched my career, and your love for me has enriched my life.Jessica A. Gleason
Contents
Faculty Reviewer
Miguel Berrios, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology
School of Medicine
State University of New York
Stony Brook, New York
Student Reviewers
Joe Bart Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
Bradenton Division
Class of 2008
Rosalyn Pham University of Washington
School of Medicine
Class of 2008
Alexis M. Dallara SUNY Downstate
College of Medicine
Class of 2009
Preface
The
Deja Review series is a unique resource that has been designed to allow you to review the essential facts and determine your level of knowledge on the subjects tested on Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).
The format of this book is highly beneficial to aid ones understanding of the subject of pharmacology for several reasons. The breadth of the subject material could quickly become overwhelming without some sort of organizational framework, provided concisely and coherently in this book. The question/answer format allows for quick reviews of familiar concepts, and moreover is conducive to repetition, which, above all else, will be necessary to master this subject. The new, expanded clinical vignettes section now follow each chapter in this edition to allow you to test that you are able to integrate the knowledge you have obtained and ensure your grasp on the material extends beyond rote memorization. A great effort has been made in this edition to expand emphasis on clinical application and to make necessary updates to this ever evolving realm of medicine.
ORGANIZATION
All concepts are presented in a question and answer format that covers key facts on commonly tested topics in medical pharmacology.
The first chapter introduces the basic principles of the subject. Then the chapters move through defined subtopics within pharmacology. A series of vignettes follows most chapters. These vignettes are meant to be representative of the types of questions tested on national licensing exams to help you further evaluate your understanding of the material presented in the chapter. The compact, condensed design of the book is conducive to studying on the go, especially during any downtime throughout your day. This question and answer format has several important advantages: It provides a rapid, straightforward way for you to assess your strengths and weakness.
Next page