Cliffs Notes Inc. - CliffsNotes Grade 8 Common Core Math Review

CliffsNotes Grade 8 Common Core Math Review

Copyright 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944414
ISBN: 978-0-544-37334-1 (pbk)
eISBN: 978-0-544-37336-5
v1.1115

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Common Core State Standards Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.

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Introduction

This book is organized around the Grade 8 Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. These standards define what eighth-grade students are expected to understand and be able to do in their study of mathematics. They include content standards and mathematical practice standards.

In Grade 8, the content standards are grouped under five domains:

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.NS.A.1 Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers, show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion that repeats eventually into a rational number.

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.NS.A.2 Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., 2). For example, by truncating the decimal expansion of , show that is between 1 and 2, then between 1.4 and 1.5, and explain how to continue on to get better approximations.

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.1 Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. For example , .

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.2 Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x 2 = p and x 3 = p , where p is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that is irrational.

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.3 Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities and to express how many times as much one is than the other. For example, estimate the population of the United States as 3 times 108 and the population of the world as 7 times 109, and determine that the world population is more than 20 times larger than the U.S. population .

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.4 Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology.

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.B.5 Graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways. For example, compare a distance-time graph to a distance-time equation to determine which of two moving objects has greater speed.

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.B.6 Use similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a nonvertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation y = mx for a line through the origin and the equation y = mx + b for a line intercepting the vertical axis at b .

• CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.C.7 Solve linear equations in one variable.