M. Sunil R. Koswatta - CliffsNotes Trigonometry Common Core Quick Review

CliffsNotes Trigonometry Common Core Quick Review

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T he word trigonometry comes from Greek words meaning the measurement of triangles. Solving triangles is one of many aspects of trigonometry that you study today. To develop methods for solving triangles, trigonometric functions are constructed. The study of the properties of these functions and related applications forms the subject matter of trigonometry. Trigonometry has applications in navigation, surveying, construction, and many other branches of science, including mathematics and physics.

Trigonometry is an extension of algebraic thinkingparticularly functions. The prerequisites for trigonometry comprehension include a familiarity with some topics from algebra and geometry. The algebra prerequisites include manipulating algebraic expressions, solving equation operations, determining the slope of a line, and solving and graphing linear equations. The geometry prerequisites include understanding properties of polygons, similar triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem, parallel and perpendicular lines, angle measurement, and volume and surface area.

If you feel that you need additional review of any of these topics, refer to CliffsNotes Algebra II Common Core Quick Review and CliffsNotes Geometry Common Core Quick Review.

CliffsNotes Trigonometry Common Core Quick Review topics are aligned to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM)the skills you should know and be able to perform in trigonometry. The concepts presented in this book are closely interrelated with a broader set of Common Core Mathematics conceptual categories:

• Numbers and quantity

• Algebra

• Functions

• Modeling

• Geometry

• Statistics and probability

The CCSSM define what you should know and what you should be able to execute using an integrated approach from each of these domains that builds on your strengths to critically think at a higher level of mathematics.

CliffsNotes Trigonometry Common Core Quick Review gives you conceptual approaches to increase your knowledge, fluency, and skills in higher-level mathematics and real-world trigonometry applications. The standards of mathematical practices are observed in each chapter. In particular, the following Common Core State Standards math practices, MP3 and MP6, are relevant to trigonometry.

Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others (MP3). Mathematically proficient students understand and use stated assumptions, definitions, and previously established results in constructing arguments. They make conjectures and build a logical progression of statements to explore the truth of their conjectures. They are able to analyze situations by breaking them into cases and can recognize and use counterexamples. They justify their conclusions, communicate them to others, and respond to the arguments of others. Students in all grades can listen to or read the arguments of others, decide whether they make sense, and ask useful questions to clarify or improve the arguments.

They reason inductively about data, making plausible arguments that take into account the context from which the data arose. Mathematically proficient students are also able to compare the effectiveness of two plausible arguments, distinguish correct logic or reasoning from that which is flawed, andif there is a flaw in an argumentexplain what it is. Elementary students can construct arguments using concrete referents such as objects, drawings, diagrams, and actions. Such arguments can make sense and be correct, even though they are not generalized or made formal until later grades. Later, students learn to determine domains to which an argument applies.

Attend to precision (MP6). Mathematically proficient students try to communicate precisely to others. They try to use clear definitions in discussion with others and in their own reasoning. They state the meaning of the symbols they choose, including using the equal sign, consistently and appropriately. They are careful about specifying units of measure and labeling axes to clarify the correspondence with quantities in a problem. They calculate accurately and efficiently and express numerical answers with a degree of precision appropriate for the problem context. In the elementary grades, students give carefully formulated explanations to each other. By the time they reach high school, they have learned to examine claims and make explicit use of definitions.