Spiegel Murray R. - Schaums Outline of Statistics

SCHAUM'S OUTLINE OF
Theory and Problems of
STATISTICS

Fourth Edition

MURRAY R. SPIEGEL, Ph.D.

Former Professor and Chairman

Mathematics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Hartford Graduate Center

LARRY J. STEPHENS, Ph.D.

Full Professor

Mathematics Department

University of Nebraska at Omaha

The late MURRAY R. SPIEGEL received the M.S. degree in Physics and the Ph.D. in Mathematics from Cornell University. He had positions at Harvard University, Columbia University, Oak Ridge, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and served as a mathematical consultant at several large companies. His last position was Professor and Chairman of Mathematics at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Hartford Graduate Center. He was interested in most branches of mathematics, especially those involving applications to physics and engineering problems. He was the author of numerous journal articles and 14 books on various topics in mathematics.

LARRY J. STEPHENS is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, where he has taught since 1974. He has also taught at the University of Arizona, Gonzaga University, and Oklahoma State University. He has worked for NASA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. He has consulted widely, and spent 10 years as a consultant and conducted seminars for the engineering group at 3M in Valley, Nebraska. Dr. Stephens has over 35 years of experience teaching statistical methodology, engineering statistics, and mathematical statistics. He has over 50 publications in professional journals, and has written books in the Schaum's Outline Series as well as books in the Utterly Confused and Demysti.ed series published by McGraw-Hill.

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DOI: 10.1036/0071485848

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To the memory of my Mother and Father, Rosie and Johnie Stephens

L.J.S.

This fourth edition, completed in 2007, contains new examples, 130 new figures, and output from five computer software packages representative of the hundreds or perhaps thousands of computer software packages that are available for use in statistics. All figures in the third edition are replaced by new and sometimes different figures created by the five software packages: EXCEL, MINITAB, SAS, SPSS, and STATISTIX. My examples were greatly influenced by USA Today as I put the book together. This newspaper is a great source of current uses and examples in statistics.

Other changes in the book include the following.. The answers to the supplementary problems at the end of each chapter are given in more detail. More discussion and use of p-values is included throughout the book.

As the statistical software plays such an important role in the book, I would like to thank the following people and companies for the right to use their software.

MINITAB: Ms. Laura Brown, Coordinator of the Author Assistance Program, Minitab Inc., 1829 Pine Hall Road, State College, PA 16801. I am a member of the author assistance program that Minitab sponsors. "Portions of the input and output contained in this publication/book are printed with the permission of Minitab Inc. All material remains the exclusive property and copyright of Minitab Inc. All rights reserved." The web address for Minitab is www.minitab.com .

SAS: Ms. Sandy Varner, Marketing Operations Manager, SAS Publishing, Cary, NC. "Created with SAS software. Copyright 2006. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC." I quote from the Website: "SAS is the leader in business intelligence software and services. Over its 30 years, SAS has grownfrom seven employees to nearly 10,000 worldwide, from a few customer sites to more than 40,000and has been profitable every year." The web address for SAS is www.sas.com .