Praise for The US Senate and the Commonwealth: Kentucky Lawmakers and the Evolution of Legislative Leadership
The names of Henry Clay, Alben Barkley, John Sherman Cooper, and Wendell Ford may be familiar to many Kentuckians for their political roles, but less so in relation to the evolution of leadership in Congress. And what about mostly forgotten figures such as John Brown, John Pope, James B. Beck, or J. C. S. Blackburn? A strength of this work is that it brings alive these significant players in the political past of the state and reminds us again of the importance of Kentucky in national affairs. But this work is more than that, for it also includes commentary by a Senate majority leader on the legislative body in which he serves. An interesting read and an important look at politics, past and present.
James C. Klotter, State Historian of Kentucky and coauthor of A New History of Kentucky, Second Edition
The US Senate and the Commonwealth is an outstanding study of Senate leadership. Through a series of biographies, Senator McConnell and Mr. Brownell present vivid portraits of Kentucky senators who have stood in the front ranks of the institutionincluding Henry Clay (the great nineteenth-century statesman), Alben Barkley (the Senates Democratic leader from 1937 to 1949), and Wendell Ford (the Democratic whip in the 1990s). Given the prominence of Kentuckians in the annals of the Senate, this book provides a window into the broader history of the institution. It is a fascinating read, grounded in an impressive command of the literature, a deep knowledge of original sources, and lively firsthand accounts of Congress in action. It is an essential source for anyone interested in the US Senate, its development, and its parties and leaders.
Gerald Gamm, University of Rochester
The US Senate and the Commonwealth
THE US SENATE AND THE COMMONWEALTH
Kentucky Lawmakers and the Evolution of Legislative Leadership
Senator Mitch McConnell
and
Roy E. Brownell II
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Copyright 2019 by The Uaniversity Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College,
Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
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www.kentuckypress.com
Cataloging-in-Publication data available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-8131-7745-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-8131-7746-5 (pdf)
ISBN 978-0-8131-7747-2 (epub)
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting
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Manufactured in the United States of America
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Contents
: Richard Mentor Johnson and John C. Breckinridge
: John Brown and John Pope
: John Breckinridge
: Henry Clay
: John J. Crittenden
: John W. Stevenson, James B. Beck, and Joseph C. S. Blackburn
: Alben Barkley
: Wendell Ford
: Earle Clements and Thruston Morton
: John Sherman Cooper
Senator Lamar Alexander
Note on Political Party Abbreviations
The following abbreviations have been used for political party names when designating party affiliations. The terminology reflects that found in the Congressional Biographical Directory: http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp. Some lawmakers switched parties during their careers; therefore, this book identifies the party that most accurately reflects the members affiliation during the period under discussion. As a result, some lawmakers party affiliations differ in different parts of the book.
Anti-Admin. | Anti-Administration (opposed to the Washington administration) |
Anti-Jack. | Anti-Jacksonian (opposed to Andrew Jackson) |
Cons. | Conservative Party |
D | Democratic Party |
Dem.-Rep. | Democratic-Republican Party (supporters of Thomas Jefferson) |
Fed. | Federalist Party |
Ind. | Independent |
Jack. | Jacksonian (supporters of Andrew Jackson) |
Nat. Rep. | National Republican Party (supporters of John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay) |
Pro-Admin. | Pro-Administration (supporters of the Washington administration) |
R | Republican Party |
W | Whig Party |
Introduction
K entucky has long punched above its weight in the United States Senate.1 Indeed, some of the nations most distinguished senators have hailed from the commonwealth. Despite having a relatively small population for much of its history, Kentucky has produced the nations greatest lawmaker in Henry Clay;2 it is one of only five states that can claim two Senate majority leaders,3 is the only state that has had three Senate majority whips, is the only state with four Senate caucus chairmen, and is one of only three states that has had four Senate party campaign chairmen.4 In addition, Kentucky has been home to vice presidents, presidents pro tempore, and numerous other eminent members of the upper chamber.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Baltimore Sun observed that Kentucky has played a leading and brilliant part in the Senate for more than a century. She has been represented there by Clay, Marshall, Breckinridge, Crittenden, Richard M. Johnson, Garrett Davis, Stevenson, Beck, Carlisle and Lindsay.5 Yet no book exists that is devoted to Kentucky lawmakers.6 This is the case even though at least six other states (with arguably less historically prominent lawmakers) have had works written about their most accomplished senators.7
Moreover, while the leadership of Congress has been subjected to much searching analysis, no book has focused on the development of Senate leadership.8 This work aspires to address both shortcomingsdiscussing the lives and careers of distinguished Kentucky senators while using their experiences to highlight the evolution of leadership in the Senate in an accessible way. As such, this book examines the lives of selected Kentucky lawmakers and the development of Senate leadership institutions through several means: firsthand accounts by one who has held many of these positions, an exploration of primary source material, and a review of the relevant secondary literature.