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CITIES IN THE COMMONWEALTH
Two Centuries of Urban Life in Kentucky
ALLEN J. SHARE
Copyright 1982 by The University Press of Kentucky
Paperback edition 2009
The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University,
Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical
Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State
University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky
University.
All rights reserved.
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663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008
www.kentuckypress.com
Cover illustration: View of Main Street, Louisville, in 1846
Frontispiece: Downtown Louisville, 1981
Photo credits
Cover: Lewis Collins, Historical Sketches of Kentucky (1847) (National Archives); frontispiece: Billy Davis, in C. Thomas Hardin, ed., Over Kentucky: 40 Years of Aerial Photography by Billy Davis (1981); p. x: Dunn Collection, Kentucky Historical Society Library; : Billy Davis, 1971.
Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from
the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-8131-9280-2 (pbk: acid-free paper)
This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting
the requirements of the American National Standard
for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
Member of the Association of
American University Presses
Contents
To RUTH SHARE and to the memory of OSCAR SHARE
Preface
SEVERAL YEARS AGO the University Press of Kentucky asked me to prepare an essay on urban Kentucky for inclusion in its Bicentennial Bookshelf series. Accepting this invitation, I had to develop a concept to govern the work as a whole, since no model existed for writing the urban history of a single state, and to devise a way to handle a very broad topic within the confines of a book of modest proportions.
Rather than attempt to survey the entire subject lightly, I decided to write in some detail about several themes central to the process of urbanization and to the character of city life: promotion or boosterism and rivalry, urban problems and services, cultural life, and the black urban experience. I used these themes to structure each of the chapters, which I planned as more or less independent interpretive essays, and to guide my selection of evidence and my choice of illustrative examples.
I further decided to focus the essays primarily upon episodes in the history of Lexington and Louisville. The Bluegrass city was the largest urban center in Kentucky from the late eighteenth century until the 1820s, while after 1830 Louisville reigned as the premier city in the state. As the largest cities in the Commonwealth during the pioneer and modern periods, Lexington and Louisville were also the most important. They were, for example, the only cities to have attained the necessary size, wealth, and talent to produce significant cultural achievements. In other areas of urban life, moreover, cities had tended to follow similar patterns, and it seemed appropriate in a concise work to concentrate on the course of events in Kentuckys major cities and to allude to related developments in other communities.
One writer defined an essay as a piece of writing principally for reflection and the recharging of the brain. Another suggested that a series of essays should be put together like organizing a meal. The various dishes must be so arranged as to rouse the appetite and renew the pleasure with each course. If this volume of essays measures up to such standards of the genre, it will have fulfilled one of its primary objectives. It will have fulfilled another if the individual essays raise at least as many questions as they answer, provide some guidelines for further investigation, and encourage others to explore the rich yet neglected urban history of Kentucky.
In any piece of historical writing, one accumulates a number of debts to ones colleagues. In a work of synthesis, the extent of those debts is far greater than usual. I have indicated in the Bibliographical Note the authors to whom I am most deeply indebted, but it is impossible to acknowledge adequately the many colleagues and scholars upon whose work I have drawn and relied. Without the careful labors of my fellow historians the present work could never have been written.
The following historians kindly permitted me to read their unpublished manuscripts and work in progress: Leonard P. Curry of the University of Louisville, Nancy Schrom Dye of the University of Kentucky, Judith Walzer Leavitt of the University of Wisconsin, Lee Shai Weissbach of the University of Louisville, and George C. Wright of the University of Texas. Robert S. Whitney, conductor emeritus of the Louisville Orchestra, allowed me to read the drafts of his unpublished history of the orchestra.